芳基和超芳基扩展杯[4]吡咯:从合成到潜在应用

IF 7.1 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Ishfaq Ahmad Rather, Pierre-Edouard Danjou, Rashid Ali
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引用次数: 5

摘要

在杯[4]吡咯(C4P)支架的介端位置加入芳基取代基会产生芳基延伸(AE)和超芳基延伸(SAE)杯[4]吡咯。“多壁”AE-C4Ps和SAE-C4Ps的全α异构体的锥形构象显示出深的芳香裂缝或空腔。特别是,“四壁”受体具有芳香极性空腔,其一端闭合,有四个会聚的吡咯环,另一端完全打开。这使得AE-和SAE-C4P支架能够有效地识别带负电荷的离子和带有供体-受体和氢键基序的中性客体分子。此外,充分功能化的AE-和SAE-C4P多壁支架的全α异构体自组装成单分子和超分子聚集体,呈现荚膜和笼状结构。自组装过程需要模板离子或分子的存在,以锁定C4P锥体构象,并补充其腔的内极性功能和体积。由于AE-和SAE-C4P支架在超分子化学、生物学、材料科学和药物化学等不同领域的重要性,我们设想对它们进行深入的修订。在此,除了阐述其结构的综合细节外,我们还提请注意它们的各种应用。本综述的组织主要基于AE-C4P衍生物中存在的“壁”的数量及其结构修饰。这些部分根据C4P功能和应用程序进一步划分。作者相信,这篇综述将对从事超分子化学领域的研究人员以及从事C4P衍生物结合特性和应用研究的人员感兴趣。图形抽象
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Aryl- and Superaryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: From Syntheses to Potential Applications

Aryl- and Superaryl-Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: From Syntheses to Potential Applications

The incorporation of aryl substituents at the meso-positions of calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) scaffolds produces aryl-extended (AE) and super-aryl-extended (SAE) calix[4]pyrroles. The cone conformation of the all-α isomers of “multi-wall” AE-C4Ps and SAE-C4Ps displays deep aromatic clefts or cavities. In particular, “four-wall” receptors feature an aromatic polar cavity closed at one end with four convergent pyrrole rings and fully open at the opposite end. This makes AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds effective receptors for the molecular recognition of negatively charged ions and neutral guest molecules with donor–acceptor and hydrogen bonding motifs. In addition, adequately functionalized all-α isomers of multi wall AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds self-assemble into uni-molecular and supra-molecular aggregates displaying capsular and cage-like structures. The self-assembly process requires the presence of template ions or molecules that lock the C4P cone conformation and complementing the inner polar functions and volumes of their cavities. We envisioned performing an in-depth revision of AE- and SAE-C4P scaffolds owing to their importance in different domains such as supramolecular chemistry, biology, material sciences and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herewith, besides the synthetic details on the elaboration of their structures, we also draw attention to their diverse applications. The organization of this review is mainly based on the number of “walls” present in the AE-C4P derivatives and their structural modifications. The sections are further divided based on the C4P functions and applications. The authors are convinced that this review will be of interest to researchers working in the general area of supramolecular chemistry as well as those involved in the study of the binding properties and applications of C4P derivatives.

Graphical Abstract

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来源期刊
Topics in Current Chemistry
Topics in Current Chemistry Chemistry-General Chemistry
CiteScore
13.70
自引率
1.20%
发文量
48
期刊介绍: Topics in Current Chemistry is a journal that presents critical reviews of present and future trends in modern chemical research. It covers all areas of chemical science, including interactions with related disciplines like biology, medicine, physics, and materials science. The articles in this journal are organized into thematic collections, offering a comprehensive perspective on emerging research to non-specialist readers in academia or industry. Each review article focuses on one aspect of the topic and provides a critical survey, placing it in the context of the collection. Selected examples highlight significant developments from the past 5 to 10 years. Instead of providing an exhaustive summary or extensive data, the articles concentrate on methodological thinking. This approach allows non-specialist readers to understand the information fully and presents the potential prospects for future developments.
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