中心觅食理论预测农业景观中湿地树燕的选择

IF 2.6 2区 生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY
Condor Pub Date : 2020-08-29 DOI:10.1093/condor/duaa039
Andrew S. Elgin, R. Clark, C. Morrissey
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引用次数: 11

摘要

北美草原坑穴区(Prairie Pothole Region)有数百万个湿地盆地,分布在农田和草原中,是生物多样性的热点地区,但草原湿地仍在不断退化和枯竭,主要用于农业活动。众所周知,空中食虫的燕子会在水面上觅食,但目前尚不清楚的是,相对于其他在农田和草原上的栖息地,燕子是否对湿地有更大的选择。中心地点觅食理论认为,随着距离中心地点的距离增加,觅食者的栖息地选择也会增加,这样,觅食者就会通过选择更有利可图的觅食栖息地来补偿旅行成本。利用全球定位系统(GPS)对4个湿地和以草地(草地、草本植被)和耕地为主的地点进行了雌性树燕(Tachycineta bicolor)生境选择研究。我们还利用扫网样带对不同生境(湿地池塘边缘、草地边缘和代表性高地)的飞虫数量和生物量进行了评估。正如对中心觅食者的预期,gps标记的燕子更多地选择湿地池塘(与可用性不成比例),并且随着离巢距离的增加,越来越多地选择湿地。在以农田为主的样地,池塘边缘和草地边缘的昆虫丰度和生物量均高于耕作过的高地,而在以草和草本覆盖为主的样地,昆虫丰度和生物量的分布较为均匀。取样昆虫在生境中的分布不能很好地解释燕子的生境选择;然而,传统的陆地采样方法可能不能充分反映猎物的分布和对空中觅食的燕子的可用性。总的来说,我们的研究结果强调了保护和加强草原湿地和其他非作物栖息地在农业景观中的重要性,因为它们的不成比例的利用和支持燕子和昆虫种群繁殖的能力。在农业场所使用微型GPS标签跟踪繁殖的雌性树燕。在整个农业生态系统中,树燕更多地选择湿地池塘而不是景观。随着离巢距离的增加,燕子越来越多地选择湿地池塘,这与中心地点觅食理论相一致。池塘边缘和非作物植被(田缘或草地)的昆虫丰度和生物量往往大于农田,但昆虫分布格局不能完全解释燕子的栖息地选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tree Swallow selection for wetlands in agricultural landscapes predicted by central-place foraging theory
ABSTRACT Millions of wetland basins, embedded in croplands and grasslands, are biodiversity hotspots in North America's Prairie Pothole Region, but prairie wetlands continue to be degraded and drained, primarily for agricultural activities. Aerial insectivorous swallows are known to forage over water, but it is unclear whether swallows exhibit greater selection for wetlands relative to other habitats in croplands and grasslands. Central-place foraging theory suggests that habitat selectivity should increase with traveling distance from a central place, such that foragers compensate for traveling costs by selecting more profitable foraging habitat. Using global positioning system (GPS) tags, we evaluated habitat selection by female Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) at 4 sites containing wetlands and where terrestrial land cover was dominated by grasslands (grass, herbaceous cover) and/or cultivated cropland. We also used sweep-net transects to assess the abundance and biomass of flying insects in different habitats available to swallows (wetland pond margins, grassy field margins, and representative uplands). As expected for a central-place forager, GPS-tagged swallows selected more for wetland ponds (disproportionate to availability), and appeared to increasingly select for wetlands with increasing distance from their nests. On cropland-dominated sites, insect abundance and biomass tended to be higher in pond margins or grassy field margins compared to cropped uplands, while abundance and biomass were more uniform among sampled habitats at sites dominated by grass and herbaceous cover. Swallow habitat selection was not clearly explained by the distribution of sampled insects among habitats; however, traditional terrestrial sampling methods may not adequately reflect prey distribution and availability to aerially foraging swallows. Overall, our results underscore the importance of protecting and enhancing prairie wetlands and other non-crop habitats in agricultural landscapes, given their disproportionate use and capacity to support breeding swallow and insect populations. LAY SUMMARY Miniature GPS tags were used to track breeding female Tree Swallows at agricultural sites. Across agroecosystems, Tree Swallows selected more for wetland ponds than available in the landscape. Swallows increasingly selected for wetland ponds with increasing distance from nests, consistent with central-place foraging theory. Insect abundance and biomass tended to be greater in pond margins and non-crop vegetation (field margins or grasslands) than in croplands, but insect distribution patterns did not fully explain swallow habitat selection.
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来源期刊
Condor
Condor ORNITHOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
12.50%
发文量
46
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Condor is the official publication of the Cooper Ornithological Society, a non-profit organization of over 2,000 professional and amateur ornithologists and one of the largest ornithological societies in the world. A quarterly international journal that publishes original research from all fields of avian biology, The Condor has been a highly respected forum in ornithology for more than 100 years. The journal is one of the top ranked ornithology publications. Types of paper published include feature articles (longer manuscripts) Short Communications (generally shorter papers or papers that deal with one primary finding), Commentaries (brief papers that comment on articles published previously in The Condor), and Book Reviews.
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