{"title":"安纳托利亚塞尔柱钢铁制品中的多相微观结构:分类和生产技术","authors":"Ümit Güder, C. Tasan, Alptekin Yavaş","doi":"10.35686/ar.2018.27","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a collection of iron objects from the Anatolian Seljuks Period, ca. 12th–13th century AD, are analysed and discussed from a metallurgical perspective. A total number of 21 iron-steel objects, small knives and flat bodied (with thin cross-section) arrowheads was examined. These objects are coming from the Seljuks’ cultural layers of Eğirdir (Isparta, Central Anatolian Caravanserai), Kubad Abad (Konya, Central Anatolian Sultan’s Palace Complex), and Samsat (Adıyaman, Eastern Anatolian Fortress). In the samples which were taken from iron tools, composite-like structures formed by different ferrous phases were revealed by metallography, SEM-EDX and micro hardness examinations. These structures are classified according to the production materials and techniques. The first group revealed signs of continuous forging and, in some cases, bloomery iron folding, which can lead to such composite-like structures. The second group consisted of tools which were produced from different starting materials which were forge-welded before or during shaping process. The crucible steel knives can be classified as another group, in which the composite-like structure exhibits totally different constituents leading to more homogeneous mechanical character. In modern times, composite materials have gained importance and become key engineering materials due to their outstanding specific properties. This study reveals that skilled Seljuks’ blacksmiths made similar materials design choices in the production of iron or steel objects, despite limited materials and metallurgical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":54176,"journal":{"name":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multi-phase microstructures in Anatolian Seljuks iron-steel objects: classification and production techniques\",\"authors\":\"Ümit Güder, C. Tasan, Alptekin Yavaş\",\"doi\":\"10.35686/ar.2018.27\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"In this paper a collection of iron objects from the Anatolian Seljuks Period, ca. 12th–13th century AD, are analysed and discussed from a metallurgical perspective. A total number of 21 iron-steel objects, small knives and flat bodied (with thin cross-section) arrowheads was examined. These objects are coming from the Seljuks’ cultural layers of Eğirdir (Isparta, Central Anatolian Caravanserai), Kubad Abad (Konya, Central Anatolian Sultan’s Palace Complex), and Samsat (Adıyaman, Eastern Anatolian Fortress). In the samples which were taken from iron tools, composite-like structures formed by different ferrous phases were revealed by metallography, SEM-EDX and micro hardness examinations. These structures are classified according to the production materials and techniques. The first group revealed signs of continuous forging and, in some cases, bloomery iron folding, which can lead to such composite-like structures. The second group consisted of tools which were produced from different starting materials which were forge-welded before or during shaping process. The crucible steel knives can be classified as another group, in which the composite-like structure exhibits totally different constituents leading to more homogeneous mechanical character. In modern times, composite materials have gained importance and become key engineering materials due to their outstanding specific properties. This study reveals that skilled Seljuks’ blacksmiths made similar materials design choices in the production of iron or steel objects, despite limited materials and metallurgical knowledge.\",\"PeriodicalId\":54176,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Archeologicke Rozhledy\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Archeologicke Rozhledy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.27\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"历史学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"ARCHAEOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archeologicke Rozhledy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.27","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHAEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
本文从冶金学的角度对公元12 - 13世纪安纳托利亚塞尔柱时期的一批铁器进行了分析和讨论。共检查了21个钢铁物体、小刀具和扁体(横截面薄)箭头。这些物品来自塞尔柱人的文化层Eğirdir (Isparta,安纳托利亚中部的Caravanserai), Kubad Abad (Konya,安纳托利亚中部的苏丹宫殿建筑群)和Samsat (Adıyaman,安纳托利亚东部的堡垒)。通过金相分析、SEM-EDX和显微硬度测试,发现铁制工具试样中不同铁相形成的复合组织。这些结构根据生产材料和工艺进行分类。第一组发现了连续锻造的迹象,在某些情况下,有bloomery铁折叠的迹象,这可以导致这种复合结构。第二组由不同的起始材料制成的工具组成,这些工具在成形之前或成形过程中进行锻造焊接。坩埚钢刀具可归类为另一类,其复合材料状组织具有完全不同的成分,从而具有更均匀的力学特性。在现代,复合材料因其突出的特殊性能而日益受到重视,成为关键的工程材料。这项研究表明,尽管材料和冶金知识有限,熟练的塞尔柱铁匠在生产铁或钢物体时也做出了类似的材料设计选择。
Multi-phase microstructures in Anatolian Seljuks iron-steel objects: classification and production techniques
In this paper a collection of iron objects from the Anatolian Seljuks Period, ca. 12th–13th century AD, are analysed and discussed from a metallurgical perspective. A total number of 21 iron-steel objects, small knives and flat bodied (with thin cross-section) arrowheads was examined. These objects are coming from the Seljuks’ cultural layers of Eğirdir (Isparta, Central Anatolian Caravanserai), Kubad Abad (Konya, Central Anatolian Sultan’s Palace Complex), and Samsat (Adıyaman, Eastern Anatolian Fortress). In the samples which were taken from iron tools, composite-like structures formed by different ferrous phases were revealed by metallography, SEM-EDX and micro hardness examinations. These structures are classified according to the production materials and techniques. The first group revealed signs of continuous forging and, in some cases, bloomery iron folding, which can lead to such composite-like structures. The second group consisted of tools which were produced from different starting materials which were forge-welded before or during shaping process. The crucible steel knives can be classified as another group, in which the composite-like structure exhibits totally different constituents leading to more homogeneous mechanical character. In modern times, composite materials have gained importance and become key engineering materials due to their outstanding specific properties. This study reveals that skilled Seljuks’ blacksmiths made similar materials design choices in the production of iron or steel objects, despite limited materials and metallurgical knowledge.
期刊介绍:
Archeologické rozhledy jsou recenzovaný časopis. Příspěvky procházejí recenzním řízením, jehož výsledek slouží k formulaci vyjádření redakce. Za věcný obsah příspěvků odpovídá autor. Příspěvky nejsou honorovány. Nezbytnou součástí každého článku je max. třístránkový český podklad pro překlad, nebo dvou až čtyřstránkový cizojazyčný souhrn, dále český abstrakt postihující cíl práce, v rozsahu 7-12 řádků, a 5-7 klíčových slov, kontaktní adresa autora.