论印尼民法非物质赔偿安排的紧迫性

DiH Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI:10.30996/dih.v19i1.7988
Devi Puspita Sari, S. Rohani, Angga Prihatin
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Perbedaanya, bahwa NBW mengaturganti rugi secara umum yang dapat diterapkan terhadap jenis pertanggungjawaban dalam NBW, ganti rugi dalam NBW terdiri dari materiil dan immateriil (termasuk penjelasan lingkupnya), NBW mengatur bentuk ganti rugi, adanya wewenang hakim dalam menilainominal ganti rugi yang disepakati para pihak, kerugian yang mungkin timbul dikemudian hari termasuk jika ada klaim asuransi, pihak ketiga yang ikut dirugikan, serta pihak yang dapat mengajukan ganti rugi. \nKata kunci: ganti rugi; immateriil; pengaturan \nAbstract \nThis paper aims to analyze the scope of immaterial compensation in court decisions as well as a comparison of compensation in the Civil Code and NBW. The research method used is normative juridical method, prescriptive analytical, with statutory, case and comparative law approaches. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本脚本旨在分析法院裁决中的无形替代环境,以及KUHPerdata和NBW的替代比较。所使用的研究方法是规范性的法律方法,即规定性的分析方法,具有法律、案例和法律比较的近似性。本文不仅从违法行为责任的角度讨论了《KUHPerdata》中的无形损失,而且还将讨论合同责任中的无形亏损,并将其与国家统计局的规定进行了比较。基于分析,无形的损失环境是创伤,大多是心理上的,被一个好名字所污染。根据逮捕胡格委员会和判例,另一个邻居是失去邻居带来的平静的乐趣,或者减少了一个人对其财富的权利的享受,遭受事故和生活幸福的损失。与KUHPerdata和NBW中的损失替代相关的比较是,就平等而言,损失替代的性质是获得定律,损失替代原则恢复了没有无效/PMH的情况,损失和错误/损失之间存在因果关系,法官可以自由评估损失替代的金额。相比之下,国家统计局通常就国家统计局的负债类型结算适用损失,而不是由物质和无形组成的国家统计局损失(包括对其范围的解释),国家统计总局结算损失,法官有权评估双方同意的主要损失,•在一天的驾驶过程中可能产生的任何损失,包括保险索赔、第三方受损以及有责任索赔的各方。关键词:丢失;无形的摘要本文旨在分析法院判决中非物质赔偿的范围,并对《民法典》和《国家工作法》中的赔偿进行比较。所采用的研究方法是规范性法律方法、规定性分析方法、成文法方法、案例法方法和比较法方法。本文不仅讨论了基于违法行为责任的《民法典》规定的非物质赔偿,还讨论了基于合同责任的非物质补偿,以及与《国家工作法》规定的比较。根据对法院判决的分析,非物质赔偿的范围是存在创伤、心理伤害和名誉诽谤。根据逮捕令委员会和判例,另一个范围是失去对邻居造成的和平的享受,或人们对其财富权利的享受减少,因事故而遭受痛苦,并失去生活幸福。《民法典》和《国家统计局》中与赔偿有关的比较是,就相似性而言,赔偿安排的性质是一项补充法律,赔偿原则是将情况视为没有违约/侵权行为,损失与错误/违约之间存在因果关系,以及法官评估赔偿金额的自由。不同之处在于,国家统计局一般规定了可适用于国家统计局责任类型的赔偿,国家统计总局的赔偿由物质和非物质组成(包括对范围的解释),国家统计局长规定了赔偿的形式,法官有权评估当事方同意的名义赔偿,-未来可能出现的损失,包括有保险索赔、也受到伤害的第三方以及可以申请赔偿的各方。关键词:排列;补偿非物质的
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The The Urgency of Arrangement Regarding Immaterial Compensation in Civil Law in Indonesia
Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis lingkup ganti rugi immateriil dalam putusan pengadilan serta perbandingan ganti rugi dalam KUHPerdata dan NBW. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode yuridis normatif, yang bersifat analitis preskriptif, denganpendekatan undang-undang, kasus, dan perbandingan hukum. Tulisan ini tidak hanya membahas ganti rugi immateriil menurut KUHPerdata atas dasar tanggung jawab perbuatan melawan hukum saja, tetapi juga akan dibahas ganti rugi immateriil atas dasartanggung jawab kontraktual, serta perbandingannya dengan ketentuan dalam NBW. Berdasarkan putusan yang dianalisis, lingkup ganti rugi immateriil adalah adanya rasa trauma, terciderainya psikologis, tercemarnya nama baik. Lingkup lainnya menurut Arrest Hooge Raad dan yurisprudensi yaitu kehilangan kenikmatan atas suatu ketenangan yang disebabkan tetangganya atau berkurangnyakenikmatan orang atas hak-haknya atas kekayaannya, penderitaan akibat kecelakaan dan hilangnya kebahagiaan hidup. Perbandingan terkait ganti rugi dalam KUHPerdata dan NBW yaitu, mengenai persamaan, bahwa sifat pengaturan ganti rugi yang merupakan hukum pelengkap, prinsip ganti rugi mengembalikan keadaan seakan tidak terjadi wanprestasi/PMH, adanya hubungan kausal antara kerugian dan kesalahan/ wanprestasi, serta adanya kebebasan hakim dalam menilai besaran ganti rugi. Perbedaanya, bahwa NBW mengaturganti rugi secara umum yang dapat diterapkan terhadap jenis pertanggungjawaban dalam NBW, ganti rugi dalam NBW terdiri dari materiil dan immateriil (termasuk penjelasan lingkupnya), NBW mengatur bentuk ganti rugi, adanya wewenang hakim dalam menilainominal ganti rugi yang disepakati para pihak, kerugian yang mungkin timbul dikemudian hari termasuk jika ada klaim asuransi, pihak ketiga yang ikut dirugikan, serta pihak yang dapat mengajukan ganti rugi. Kata kunci: ganti rugi; immateriil; pengaturan Abstract This paper aims to analyze the scope of immaterial compensation in court decisions as well as a comparison of compensation in the Civil Code and NBW. The research method used is normative juridical method, prescriptive analytical, with statutory, case and comparative law approaches. This paper does not only discuss immaterial compensation according to the Civil Code based on unlawful actsresponsibility, but also discusses immaterial compensation based on contractual responsibility, as well as its comparison with the provisions in the NBW. Based on the court decisions analyzed, the scope of immaterial compensation is the existence of trauma, psychological injury, and defamation of reputation. Another scope according to Arrest Hooge Raad and jurisprudence is losing the enjoyment of a peace caused by neighbors or reduced enjoyment of people over their rights of their wealth, suffering due to accidents and loss of happiness in life. Comparisons related to compensation in the Civil Code and NBW are, regarding similarities, that the nature of compensation arrangements is a complementary law, the principle of compensation is to return the situation as if there was no default/tort, there is a causal relationship between losses and mistakes/defaults, and the freedom of judges in assess the amount of compensation. The difference are that NBW regulates compensation in general that can be applied to types of responsibility in NBW, compensation in NBW consists ofmaterial and immaterial (including an explanation of the scope), NBW regulates the form of compensation, there is the authority of the judge to assess the nominal compensation agreed by the parties, possible losses that may arise in the future including if there is insurance claim, third parties who are also harmed, and parties who can apply for compensation. Keywords: arrangement; compensation; immaterial    
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