八卦、声誉和背景对阿卡狩猎采集者、恩甘杜园艺师和MTurkers之间资源转移的影响

IF 3 1区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Nicole H. Hess, Edward H. Hagen
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引用次数: 3

摘要

关于八卦在远古人类社会合作进化中的作用的理论模型,以及它在群体内资源竞争中的作用,要求八卦引起个人声誉的变化,进而引起他们获得利益的可能性的变化。然而,很少有来自小规模社会的实验证据支持这种因果关系。也很少有实验证据表明,在决定资源转移时,流言接受者会根据流言与发生这种转移的社会背景的相关性来权衡流言。采用实验小插图研究设计,在来自MTurk (N = 120)和另一个来自偏远园艺人口中非共和国(CAR)的Ngandu (N = 160)的样本中,我们测试了积极和消极八卦是否分别通过其对声誉的影响增加和减少资源转移的可能性。我们还测试了与资源转移相关的八卦是否比其他八卦对声誉的影响更大。我们发现,八卦对参与者转移利益的意愿有很强的、显著的、与情境相关的影响,并以八卦对声誉的影响为中介。然后,在一项利用同行报告(N = 40)对CAR的Aka狩猎采集者进行的探索性观察研究中,我们调查了为群体提供利益(如努力工作,养育子女或非抚养子女,或分享)和与群体的遗传相关性是否与声誉和获得利益有关。我们发现,虽然拥有良好的声誉与获得更多的利益有关,但性别差异明显,几乎所有女性在更好的养育子女、良好的声誉和获得更多利益方面的得分都高于几乎所有男性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The impact of gossip, reputation, and context on resource transfers among Aka hunter-gatherers, Ngandu horticulturalists, and MTurkers

Theoretical models of gossip's role in the evolution of cooperation in ancestral human communities, and its role in within-group competition for resources, require gossip to cause changes in individuals' reputations, which then cause changes in the likelihood of their receiving benefits. However, there is scant experimental evidence from small-scale societies supporting such causal relationships. There is also little experimental evidence that, when making decisions about the transfer of resources, gossip receivers weigh gossip according to its relevance to the social context in which such transfers occur. Using an experimental vignette study design, in a sample from MTurk (N = 120) and another sample from a remote horticultural population, the Ngandu of the Central African Republic (CAR) (N = 160), we test whether positive and negative gossip increase and decrease the likelihood of transferring resources, respectively, mediated by their effects on reputation. We also test whether gossip that is relevant to the context of the resource transfer has a larger impact on reputation than other gossip. We found strong significant, context-relevant effects of gossip on participant willingness to transfer benefits, mediated by gossip's effects on reputation. Then, in an exploratory observational study of Aka hunter-gatherers of CAR using peer-reports (N = 40), we investigate whether providing benefits to the group (such as working hard, parenting or alloparenting, or sharing) and genetic relatedness to the group, were associated with reputations and receiving benefits. We found that, although having a good reputation was associated with receiving more benefits, there was a stark sex difference, with almost all women scoring higher than almost all men on a dimension involving better parenting, good reputations, and receipt of more benefits.

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来源期刊
Evolution and Human Behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior 生物-行为科学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
9.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
82 days
期刊介绍: Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.
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