空气冲击波和地面冲击波参数,浅埋地下爆破,地上和埋地浅埋地下抗爆掩体:综述

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
S. M. Anas, M. Alam, M. Umair
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引用次数: 47

摘要

在某些发展中国家,薄弱的政治制度和糟糕的治理被发现具有类似战争的环境,建筑物成为爆炸和炸弹的目标。由于技术薄弱和操作不当造成的工业爆炸也很常见。最近在黎巴嫩贝鲁特港发生了类似的意外爆炸(2020年8月);俄罗斯梁赞市郊区的弹药库(2020年11月)对邻近建筑基础设施及其用户的安全表示担忧。这种强烈的荷载事件会对结构的某些构件造成破坏,可能导致不成比例的或渐进的倒塌。必须清楚地了解爆炸现象及其引起的极端荷载,以及目标结构在这种荷载作用下的响应。本文介绍了空气冲击波和地面冲击波参数、浅埋地下爆破、地面和埋地浅埋防爆掩体的研究现状。讨论了爆炸的自马赫反射现象、荷载参数和公开文献中已有的经验爆炸模型,以及地下爆破建筑物的损伤准则和现有的峰值粒子速度(PPV)预测模型。为了使纤维混凝土、超高性能混凝土、FRP复合材料等先进材料的应用,了解现有的抗爆炸/冲击掩体及其在这种荷载下的响应是很重要的。这些庇护所的设计主要结合了材料的特点,如高度的可变形性/延展性,使用隔震板和控制裂缝形成的机制。最后,总结了结论和对未来研究的建议。本文为工程师、城市规划者、研究人员、政策制定者和核心起草部门委员会成员提供了了解爆炸现象和由此产生的极端荷载的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Air-blast and ground shockwave parameters, shallow underground blasting, on the ground and buried shallow underground blast-resistant shelters: A review
Weak political systems and poor governance in certain developing countries are found to have a war-like environment where structures are being targeted by blasts and bombs. Industrial blasts due to frail know-how and mishandlings are also quite common. Recent accidental explosions like that occurred at the Beirut Port, Lebanon (August 2020); ammunition depot in the outskirt of the Ryazan City of Russia (November 2020) are of concern for the safety of adjacent building infrastructure and their users. Such intense loading events cause damage to certain elements of a structure which may result in disproportionate or progressive collapse. It necessitates a clear understanding of the phenomenon of the blast and extreme loads induced out of it, and response of the target structure under such loadings. In this study, the state of research on air-blast and ground shockwave parameters, shallow underground blasting, and on the ground and buried shallow blast-resistant shelters are presented. The phenomenon of the self-Mach-reflection of the explosion, loading parameters and empirical blast models available in the open literature followed by the damage criteria for the buildings subjected to the underground blasting and available peak particle velocity (PPV) prediction models have been discussed. To make the application of advanced materials such as fibrous concrete, ultra-high performance concrete, FRP composites, etc., it is important to comprehend the existing blast/shock-resistant shelters and their response under such loading. The shelters are primarily designed by incorporating features of the materials like high degree of deformability/ductility, use of the shock-isolation panels and the mechanism for controlling crack formations. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future studies are summarised. This paper presents prospects to engineers, town planners, researchers, policymakers and members of the core drafting sectional committees to understand the phenomenon of the blast and extreme loads induced out of it.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
25.00%
发文量
48
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