On the Term ‘Jōmon’ and the Contribution of Russian Scholars to Jōmon Studies

The article is devoted to the introduction of the term ‘Jōmon’ into Russian archaeological literature, its understanding, and the contribution of Russian scholars to Jōmon studies starting from the late 20th century. The recognition of the term and its use had some peculiarities which were caused not only by the language barrier and political events in the far eastern region, but mostly by the specifics of the archaeological investigations in the Russian Far East and the priority of research focused first on the Ainu origin, and then on the Palaeolithic rather on the nature of the Neolithic. The rise of the interest in Jōmon grew in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the discoveries of initial pottery with Final Pleistocene dates in Japan and Russia (Lower and Middle Amur Region). During the 1980s and 1990s this trend was realized in a series of publications, international conferences, and the first joint Russian-Japanese archaeological projects. The current stage is illustrated by the institualization of several research centres of Jōmon studies in Russia (Novosibirsk, Vladivostok), by a high level of international cooperation, and by a wide range of research topics, including chronological, technological, ritual and other aspects of the Jōmon period. IZVLE∞EK – ∞lanek je posve≠en vpeljavi in razumevanju termina ‘Jōmon’ v ruski arheolo∏ki literaturi ter prispevku ruskih znanstvenikov k ∏tudijam te kulture od konca 20. stoletja. Prepoznavanje tega strokovnega izraza in njegove uporabe je imelo nekaj posebnosti, ki so jih povzro≠ile tako jezikovne pregrade kot politi≠ni dogodki na obmo≠ju Daljnega vzhoda, predvsem pa posebnosti arheolo∏kih raziskav na ruskem Daljnem vzhodu in prioritete raziskav, ki so se usmerile predvsem v izvor ljudstva Ainu ter v paleolitske ∏tudije in manj v naravo neolitika. Interes za Jōmon se je pove≠al ∏ele ob koncu 60. in v zgodnjih 70. letih prej∏njega stoletja z odkritjem najstarej∏e lon≠enine iz obdobja finalnega pleistocena na Japonskem in v Rusiji (spodnja in srednja regija Amur). V 80. in 90. letih prej∏njega stoletja se je ta interes pokazal v seriji publikacij, mednarodnih sre≠anj in v prvih zdru∫enih rusko-japonskih arheolo∏kih projektih. Sedanjo stopnjo razvoja pa ponazarja ve≠ raziskovalnih sredi∏≠ posve≠enih ∏tudijam kulture Jōmon v Rusiji (Novosibirsk, Vladivostok), pa tudi vi∏ji nivo mednarodnih sodelovanj in ∏ir∏i razpon raziskovalnih tem, ki vklju≠ujejo kronologijo, tehnologijo, rituale in druge vidike obdobja kulture Jōmon.