Mesenchymal stem cells differenciate to human corneal endothelium. A literature review of published data

Background and purpose: The main sources of mesenchymal stem cells used for the creation of artificial corneal endothelium or their uses such as regenerative therapy will be exposed in this review. Moreover, the different models of differentiation suggested by authors throughout the history just as cellular or physiological markers which have been used to typify defined cells will be described. Finally, it will also be described the translational potential of these cells to corneal endothelium diseases through the techniques which have been used to its implantation or transplant. Material and methods: Narrative review of publications on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to human corneal endothelium or other applications of these cells as regenerative therapy in models of corneal endothelial damage. Results: A total of six studies used mesenchymal stem cells in differentiation or regeneration of corneal endothelium, of which four used cells from the umbilical cord. In four of these studies a different differentiation protocol was designed. The authors agreed on the differentiation markers ATP1A1, COL8A2, PITX2 and ZO-1. Conclusions: Although there are few published clinical trials on human corneal endothelium that use these cells; The regeneration and differentiation potential of MSCs and the development that Tissue Engineering has undergone, makes them postulate as the future of replacement therapy.