Recent advances and influencing parameters in developing electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

This article delivers a robust overview of potential electrode materials for use in symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells (S-SOFCs), a relatively new SOFC technology. To this end, this article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and progress in electrode materials for S-SOFC, discussing both the selection of materials and the challenges that come with making that choice. This article discussed the relevant factors involved in developing electrodes with nano/microstructure. Nanocomposites, e.g., non-cobalt and lithiated materials, are only a few of the electrode types now being researched. Furthermore, the phase structure and microstructure of the produced materials are heavily influenced by the synthesis procedure. Insights into the possibilities and difficulties of the material are discussed. To achieve the desired microstructural features, this article focuses on a synthesis technique that is either the most recent or a better iteration of an existing process. The portion of this analysis that addresses the risks associated with manufacturing and the challenges posed by materials when fabricating S-SOFCs is the most critical. This article also provides important and useful recommendations for the strategic design of electrode materials researchers.