Retrospective evaluation of adverse reactions after subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy in children with house dust mite allergy.

Objective: Although it is accepted as an effective and safe treatment way, side effects can be observed as a result of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the local and systemic reactions in children after SCIT and the factors that may be associated with these reactions.

Methods: Our study included 138 house dust mite allergic patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis who underwent SCIT in the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Outpatient Clinic between November 2013 and April 2022. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory features, and development of adverse reactions after SCIT were analyzed from patient files.

Results: The median age of 138 patients was 9.0 years. About 56.5% (n=78) were male, 43.5% (n=60) were female. Of the patients, 55.1% (n=76) had asthma and allergic rhinitis. A total of 7366 SCIT injections were administered to all patients in our clinic. The total number of observed adverse reaction was 118. 50.7% of the patients (n=70) experienced at least one adverse reaction after SCIT. The rate of development of adverse reactions per injection was 1.6% (local: 1.0%, large local: 0.1%, systemic: 0.5%).

Conclusion: Although serious systemic reactions and death were not observed in our patients; care should be taken in terms of the development of adverse reactions during SCIT in children.