弓形虫:亚马逊寄生虫如何成为因纽特人的健康问题。

S J Reiling, B R Dixon
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引用次数: 18

摘要

弓形虫是一种起源于亚马逊的原生动物寄生虫。猫科动物是唯一确定的宿主。这些动物向环境中释放大量具有传染性的卵囊,这些卵囊随后会感染许多中间宿主,包括鸟类、哺乳动物,可能还有鱼类。人类弓形虫血清流行率在加拿大北极的一些地区很高,并与因纽特人的不良健康后果有关。由于猫科动物的范围并没有延伸到北极,目前还不清楚这种寄生虫是如何从亚马逊传播到北极的。本综述的目的是总结弓形虫感染对加拿大北部因纽特人健康的影响,并考虑这种感染是如何传播给他们的。本文综述了弓形虫在加拿大北极陆地和海洋动物中的感染率,并讨论了它们在这种寄生虫食源性传播给人类中的潜在作用。两个分布因素似乎是合理的。首先,南方栖息地的猫科动物可能会将传染性卵囊释放到水道中。由于这些卵囊可以存活数月,它们可以通过河流和洋流向北运输,并可能感染北极鱼类,最终感染捕食这些鱼类的海洋哺乳动物。其次,迁徙的陆地和海洋中间宿主可能负责将弓形虫组织囊肿携带到北极,然后在那里将感染传染给食肉动物。因纽特人弓形虫最可能的来源是食用传统的乡村食品,包括中间宿主的肉和器官,这些食物可能是生吃的。随着气候变化,猫科动物的北迁可能会增加弓形虫在北极野生动物中的流行率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: How an Amazonian parasite became an Inuit health issue.

Toxoplasma gondii: How an Amazonian parasite became an Inuit health issue.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that originated in the Amazon. Felids (mammals in the cat family) are the only definitive hosts. These animals shed large numbers of infectious oocysts into the environment, which can subsequently infect many intermediate hosts, including birds, mammals and, possibly, fish. Human T. gondii seroprevalence is high in some parts of the Canadian Arctic and is associated with adverse health consequences among Inuit population. Since the range of felids does not extend to the Arctic, it is not immediately obvious how this parasite got from the Amazon to the Arctic. The objectives of this overview are to summarize the health impacts of T. gondii infection in Inuit in Canada's North and to consider how this infection could have reached them. This article reviews the prevalence of T. gondii infection in terrestrial and marine animals in the Canadian Arctic and discusses their potential role in the foodborne transmission of this parasite to humans. Two distribution factors seem plausible. First, felids in more southern habitats may release infectious oocysts into waterways. As these oocysts remain viable for months, they can be transported northward via rivers and ocean currents and could infect Arctic fish and eventually the marine mammals that prey on the fish. Second, migratory terrestrial and marine intermediate hosts may be responsible for carrying T. gondii tissue cysts to the Arctic, where they may then pass on the infection to carnivores. The most likely source of T. gondii in Inuit is from consumption of traditionally-prepared country foods including meat and organs from intermediate hosts, which may be consumed raw. With climate change, northward migration of felids may increase the prevalence of T. gondii in Arctic wildlife.

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