Jourdan E. Lakes , Xu Fu , Brock T Harvey , Khaga R. Neupane , Surya P. Aryal , Jessica L. Ferrell , Michael D. Flythe , Christopher I. Richards
{"title":"尼古丁和可替宁通过胃肠道细菌的囊泡修饰对巨噬细胞炎症可塑性的影响。","authors":"Jourdan E. Lakes , Xu Fu , Brock T Harvey , Khaga R. Neupane , Surya P. Aryal , Jessica L. Ferrell , Michael D. Flythe , Christopher I. Richards","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102787","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>This study aimed to elucidate mechanistic explanation(s) for compositional changes to enteric microflora by determining the impacts of continuous nicotine/cotinine exposure on representative gastrointestinal bacteria and how these alterations impact innate </span>immune cell plasticity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>In vitro</em> cultures of the gastrointestinal bacteria (<span><em>Bacteroides fragilis</em></span> 25285, <span><em>Prevotella</em><em> bryantii</em></span> B<sub>1</sub>4, and <em>Acetoanaerobium sticklandii</em><span><span> SR) were continuously exposed to nicotine or cotinine. Supernatant samples were collected for fermentation acid analysis. Vesicles were collected and analyzed for physiological changes in number, size, and total protein cargo. Cultured macrophages were stimulated to a tolerogenic phenotype, exposed to control or altered (nicotine or cotinine – exposed) vesicles, and inflammatory plasticity assessed via inflammatory </span>cytokine production.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially affected metabolism of all bacteria tested in a Gram (nicotine) and concentration-dependent (cotinine) manner. Physiological studies demonstrated changes in vesiculation number and protein cargo following nicotine/cotinine exposures. Continuous exposure to 1 μM nicotine and 10 μM cotinine concentrations reduced total protein cargo of Gram (-) – 25285 and B</span><sub>1</sub>4 vesicles, while cotinine generally increased total protein in Gram (+) - SR vesicles. We found that theses physiological changes to the vesicles of 25285 and SR formed under nicotine and cotinine, respectively, challenged the plasticity of tolerogenic macrophages. Tolerogenic macrophages exposed to vesicles from 1 μM nicotine, and 5 or 10 μΜ cotinine cultures produced significantly less IL-12p70, TNFα, or KC/GRO, regardless of macrophage exposure to nicotine/cotinine.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially alters bacterial metabolism and vesicle physiology, ultimately impacting the inflammatory response of tolerogenic macrophages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 102787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of nicotine and cotinine on macrophage inflammatory plasticity via vesicular modifications in gastrointestinal bacteria\",\"authors\":\"Jourdan E. Lakes , Xu Fu , Brock T Harvey , Khaga R. Neupane , Surya P. Aryal , Jessica L. Ferrell , Michael D. Flythe , Christopher I. Richards\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102787\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>This study aimed to elucidate mechanistic explanation(s) for compositional changes to enteric microflora by determining the impacts of continuous nicotine/cotinine exposure on representative gastrointestinal bacteria and how these alterations impact innate </span>immune cell plasticity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>In vitro</em> cultures of the gastrointestinal bacteria (<span><em>Bacteroides fragilis</em></span> 25285, <span><em>Prevotella</em><em> bryantii</em></span> B<sub>1</sub>4, and <em>Acetoanaerobium sticklandii</em><span><span> SR) were continuously exposed to nicotine or cotinine. Supernatant samples were collected for fermentation acid analysis. Vesicles were collected and analyzed for physiological changes in number, size, and total protein cargo. Cultured macrophages were stimulated to a tolerogenic phenotype, exposed to control or altered (nicotine or cotinine – exposed) vesicles, and inflammatory plasticity assessed via inflammatory </span>cytokine production.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially affected metabolism of all bacteria tested in a Gram (nicotine) and concentration-dependent (cotinine) manner. Physiological studies demonstrated changes in vesiculation number and protein cargo following nicotine/cotinine exposures. Continuous exposure to 1 μM nicotine and 10 μM cotinine concentrations reduced total protein cargo of Gram (-) – 25285 and B</span><sub>1</sub>4 vesicles, while cotinine generally increased total protein in Gram (+) - SR vesicles. We found that theses physiological changes to the vesicles of 25285 and SR formed under nicotine and cotinine, respectively, challenged the plasticity of tolerogenic macrophages. Tolerogenic macrophages exposed to vesicles from 1 μM nicotine, and 5 or 10 μΜ cotinine cultures produced significantly less IL-12p70, TNFα, or KC/GRO, regardless of macrophage exposure to nicotine/cotinine.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially alters bacterial metabolism and vesicle physiology, ultimately impacting the inflammatory response of tolerogenic macrophages.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8050,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Anaerobe\",\"volume\":\"83 \",\"pages\":\"Article 102787\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Anaerobe\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996423000963\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Anaerobe","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996423000963","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of nicotine and cotinine on macrophage inflammatory plasticity via vesicular modifications in gastrointestinal bacteria
Objectives
This study aimed to elucidate mechanistic explanation(s) for compositional changes to enteric microflora by determining the impacts of continuous nicotine/cotinine exposure on representative gastrointestinal bacteria and how these alterations impact innate immune cell plasticity.
Methods
In vitro cultures of the gastrointestinal bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis 25285, Prevotella bryantii B14, and Acetoanaerobium sticklandii SR) were continuously exposed to nicotine or cotinine. Supernatant samples were collected for fermentation acid analysis. Vesicles were collected and analyzed for physiological changes in number, size, and total protein cargo. Cultured macrophages were stimulated to a tolerogenic phenotype, exposed to control or altered (nicotine or cotinine – exposed) vesicles, and inflammatory plasticity assessed via inflammatory cytokine production.
Results
Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially affected metabolism of all bacteria tested in a Gram (nicotine) and concentration-dependent (cotinine) manner. Physiological studies demonstrated changes in vesiculation number and protein cargo following nicotine/cotinine exposures. Continuous exposure to 1 μM nicotine and 10 μM cotinine concentrations reduced total protein cargo of Gram (-) – 25285 and B14 vesicles, while cotinine generally increased total protein in Gram (+) - SR vesicles. We found that theses physiological changes to the vesicles of 25285 and SR formed under nicotine and cotinine, respectively, challenged the plasticity of tolerogenic macrophages. Tolerogenic macrophages exposed to vesicles from 1 μM nicotine, and 5 or 10 μΜ cotinine cultures produced significantly less IL-12p70, TNFα, or KC/GRO, regardless of macrophage exposure to nicotine/cotinine.
Conclusions
Nicotine/cotinine exposure differentially alters bacterial metabolism and vesicle physiology, ultimately impacting the inflammatory response of tolerogenic macrophages.
期刊介绍：
Anaerobe is essential reading for those who wish to remain at the forefront of discoveries relating to life processes of strictly anaerobes. The journal is multi-disciplinary, and provides a unique forum for those investigating anaerobic organisms that cause infections in humans and animals, as well as anaerobes that play roles in microbiomes or environmental processes.
Anaerobe publishes reviews, mini reviews, original research articles, notes and case reports. Relevant topics fall into the broad categories of anaerobes in human and animal diseases, anaerobes in the microbiome, anaerobes in the environment, diagnosis of anaerobes in clinical microbiology laboratories, molecular biology, genetics, pathogenesis, toxins and antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.
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