Colistin versus polymyxin B: A pragmatic assessment of renal and neurological adverse effects and effectiveness in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the real-world data on renal and neurological adverse effects and effectiveness of colistimethate sodium (CMS) and polymyxin B (PMB).

Materials and methods: An observational prospective study was performed on inpatients receiving CMS and PMB for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. CMS dose was titrated to renal function, and serum creatinine was assessed daily. The incidence of nephrotoxicity, the primary outcome, was evaluated based on an increase in serum creatinine from baseline as well as by the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage renal disease criteria. Neurological adverse effects were assessed based on clinical signs and symptoms, and the causality and severity were assessed by the Naranjo scale and modified Hartwig-Siegel scale, respectively. The effectiveness of polymyxin therapy was ascertained by a composite of microbiological eradication of causative bacteria and achievement of clinical cure. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was also determined.

Results: Between CMS and PMB, the incidence of nephrotoxicity (59.3% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.653) or neurotoxicity (8.3% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.525) did not significantly differ. However, reversal of nephrotoxicity was significantly more with patients receiving CMS than PMB (48.4% vs. 23.3%, P = 0.021). Favorable clinical outcomes (67.6% vs. 37%, P < 0.001) and microbiological eradication of causative bacteria (73.1% vs. 46.3%, P = 0.001) were significantly more with CMS than PMB. Patients treated with CMS had lower all-cause mortality than those with PMB treatment (19.4% vs. 42.6%, P = 0.002).

Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the incidence of renal and neurotoxic adverse effects between CMS and PMB when CMS is administered following renal dose modification. CMS shows better effectiveness and lower mortality compared to PMB.