An MRI-based machine learning radiomics can predict short-term response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma: A multicenter study

Background and Purpose

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become an essential component of the comprehensive treatment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). However, not all patients respond to chemotherapy due to individual differences in sensitivity and tolerance to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, accurately predicting the sensitivity of CSCC patients to NACT was vital for individual chemotherapy. This study aims to construct a machine learning radiomics model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess its efficacy in predicting NACT susceptibility among CSCC patients.

Methods

This study included 234 patients with CSCC from two hospitals, who were divided into a training set (n = 180), a testing set (n = 20), and an external validation set (n = 34). Manual radiomic features were extracted from transverse section MRI images, and feature selection was performed using the recursive feature elimination (RFE) method. A prediction model was then generated using three machine learning algorithms, namely logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machines (SVM), for predicting NACT susceptibility. The model's performance was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and sensitivity.

Results

The SVM approach achieves the highest scores on both the testing set and the external validation set. In the testing set and external validation set, the AUC of the model was 0.88 and 0.764, and the accuracy was 0.90 and 0.853, the sensitivity was 0.93 and 0.962, respectively.

Conclusions

Machine learning radiomics models based on MRI images have achieved satisfactory performance in predicting the sensitivity of NACT in CSCC patients with high accuracy and robustness, which has great significance for the treatment and personalized medicine of CSCC patients.