E. E. Swails, M. Ardón, K. W. Krauss, A. L. Peralta, R. E. Emanuel, A. M. Helton, J. L. Morse, L. Gutenberg, N. Cormier, D. Shoch, S. Settlemyer, E. Soderholm, B. P. Boutin, C. Peoples, S. Ward
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Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels. We combined measurements of total soil respiration, depth to water table from soil surface, and soil temperature from drained and restored peatlands at three locations in eastern North Carolina and one location in southeastern Virginia to investigate relationships among total soil respiration and physical drivers, and to develop models relating total soil respiration to parameters that can be easily measured and monitored in the field.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Total soil respiration increased with deeper water tables and warmer soil temperatures in both drained and hydrologically restored peatlands. Variation in soil respiration was more strongly linked to soil temperature at drained (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.57, p < 0.0001) than restored sites (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.28, p < 0.0001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that drainage amplifies the impact of warming temperatures on peat decomposition. Proxy measurements for estimation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from peat decomposition represent a considerable cost reduction compared to direct soil flux measurements for land managers contemplating the potential climate impact of restoring drained peatland sites. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
背景:美国东南部沿海平原的泥炭地因农业和木材采伐而广泛排水，由于泥炭分解加速，导致大量土壤碳以二氧化碳的形式释放出来。为减少土地利用和土地利用变化造成的排放提供财政激励的机制的发展，可以增加水文恢复的资金，从而减少这些生态系统的泥炭二氧化碳排放。通过一系列场地特征和土地利用历史来测量土壤呼吸和物理驱动因素，对于了解泥炭分解产生的二氧化碳排放如何响应地下水位的升高是有价值的。在北卡罗来纳州东部的三个地点和弗吉尼亚州东南部的一个地点，我们将排水和恢复的泥炭地的土壤呼吸总量、土壤表面到地下水位的深度和土壤温度的测量结果结合起来，研究了土壤呼吸总量和物理驱动因素之间的关系，并开发了将土壤呼吸总量与野外容易测量和监测的参数联系起来的模型。结果排水泥炭地和水文恢复泥炭地的土壤呼吸总量随着地下水位的加深和土壤温度的升高而增加。土壤呼吸变化与排水土壤温度的关系(R2 = 0.57, p < 0.0001)强于恢复土壤温度(R2 = 0.28, p < 0.0001)。结论排水放大了气温升高对泥炭分解的影响。与直接土壤通量测量相比，估算泥炭分解产生的二氧化碳排放量的代用测量可大大降低成本，使土地管理者能够考虑恢复排水泥炭地遗址的潜在气候影响。研究可以帮助增加对影响土壤呼吸变化的因素的了解，除了物理变量，如地下水位的深度和土壤温度。
Response of soil respiration to changes in soil temperature and water table level in drained and restored peatlands of the southeastern United States
Background
Extensive drainage of peatlands in the southeastern United States coastal plain for the purposes of agriculture and timber harvesting has led to large releases of soil carbon as carbon dioxide (CO2) due to enhanced peat decomposition. Growth in mechanisms that provide financial incentives for reducing emissions from land use and land-use change could increase funding for hydrological restoration that reduces peat CO2 emissions from these ecosystems. Measuring soil respiration and physical drivers across a range of site characteristics and land use histories is valuable for understanding how CO2 emissions from peat decomposition may respond to raising water table levels. We combined measurements of total soil respiration, depth to water table from soil surface, and soil temperature from drained and restored peatlands at three locations in eastern North Carolina and one location in southeastern Virginia to investigate relationships among total soil respiration and physical drivers, and to develop models relating total soil respiration to parameters that can be easily measured and monitored in the field.
Results
Total soil respiration increased with deeper water tables and warmer soil temperatures in both drained and hydrologically restored peatlands. Variation in soil respiration was more strongly linked to soil temperature at drained (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.0001) than restored sites (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The results suggest that drainage amplifies the impact of warming temperatures on peat decomposition. Proxy measurements for estimation of CO2 emissions from peat decomposition represent a considerable cost reduction compared to direct soil flux measurements for land managers contemplating the potential climate impact of restoring drained peatland sites. Research can help to increase understanding of factors influencing variation in soil respiration in addition to physical variables such as depth to water table and soil temperature.
期刊介绍：
Carbon Balance and Management is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of research aimed at developing a comprehensive policy relevant to the understanding of the global carbon cycle.
The global carbon cycle involves important couplings between climate, atmospheric CO2 and the terrestrial and oceanic biospheres. The current transformation of the carbon cycle due to changes in climate and atmospheric composition is widely recognized as potentially dangerous for the biosphere and for the well-being of humankind, and therefore monitoring, understanding and predicting the evolution of the carbon cycle in the context of the whole biosphere (both terrestrial and marine) is a challenge to the scientific community.
This demands interdisciplinary research and new approaches for studying geographical and temporal distributions of carbon pools and fluxes, control and feedback mechanisms of the carbon-climate system, points of intervention and windows of opportunity for managing the carbon-climate-human system.
Carbon Balance and Management is a medium for researchers in the field to convey the results of their research across disciplinary boundaries. Through this dissemination of research, the journal aims to support the work of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) and to provide governmental and non-governmental organizations with instantaneous access to continually emerging knowledge, including paradigm shifts and consensual views.
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