Juma Orach, Christopher Francis Rider, Agnes Che Yan Yuen, Christopher Carlsten
{"title":"在一项对照人体暴露研究中，柴油废气引起的浓度依赖性症状增加","authors":"Juma Orach, Christopher Francis Rider, Agnes Che Yan Yuen, Christopher Carlsten","doi":"10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure causes adverse effects on wellbeing and quality of life, which can be studied non-invasively using self-reported symptoms. However, little is known about the effects of different TRAP concentrations on symptoms following controlled exposures, where acute responses can be studied with limited confounding. We investigated the concentration-response relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure, as a model TRAP, and self-reported symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 17 healthy non-smokers into a double-blind crossover study where they were exposed to filtered air (FA) and DE standardized to 20, 50, 150 µg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub> for 4 h, with a ≥ 4-week washout between exposures. Immediately before, and at 4 h and 24 h from the beginning of the exposure, we administered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires and grouped responses into chest, constitutional, eye, neurological, and nasal categories. Additionally, we assessed how the symptom response was related to exposure perception and airway function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in DE concentration raised total (β ± standard error = 0.05 ± 0.03, P = 0.04), constitutional (0.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.03) and eye (0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.05) symptoms at 4 h, modified by perception of temperature, noise, and anxiety. These symptoms were also correlated with airway inflammation. Compared to FA, symptoms were significantly increased at 150 µg/m<sup>3</sup> for the total (8.45 ± 3.92, P = 0.04) and eye (3.18 ± 1.55, P = 0.05) categories, with trends towards higher values in the constitutional (1.49 ± 0.86, P = 0.09) and nasal (1.71 ± 0.96, P = 0.08) categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DE exposure induced a concentration-dependent increase in symptoms, primarily in the eyes and body, that was modified by environmental perception. These observations emphasize the inflammatory and sensory effects of TRAP, with a potential threshold below 150 µg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub>. We demonstrate VAS questionnaires as a useful tool for health monitoring and provide insight into the TRAP concentration-response at exposure levels relevant to public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9685897/pdf/","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Concentration-dependent increase in symptoms due to diesel exhaust in a controlled human exposure study.\",\"authors\":\"Juma Orach, Christopher Francis Rider, Agnes Che Yan Yuen, Christopher Carlsten\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure causes adverse effects on wellbeing and quality of life, which can be studied non-invasively using self-reported symptoms. However, little is known about the effects of different TRAP concentrations on symptoms following controlled exposures, where acute responses can be studied with limited confounding. We investigated the concentration-response relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure, as a model TRAP, and self-reported symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 17 healthy non-smokers into a double-blind crossover study where they were exposed to filtered air (FA) and DE standardized to 20, 50, 150 µg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub> for 4 h, with a ≥ 4-week washout between exposures. Immediately before, and at 4 h and 24 h from the beginning of the exposure, we administered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires and grouped responses into chest, constitutional, eye, neurological, and nasal categories. Additionally, we assessed how the symptom response was related to exposure perception and airway function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase in DE concentration raised total (β ± standard error = 0.05 ± 0.03, P = 0.04), constitutional (0.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.03) and eye (0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.05) symptoms at 4 h, modified by perception of temperature, noise, and anxiety. These symptoms were also correlated with airway inflammation. Compared to FA, symptoms were significantly increased at 150 µg/m<sup>3</sup> for the total (8.45 ± 3.92, P = 0.04) and eye (3.18 ± 1.55, P = 0.05) categories, with trends towards higher values in the constitutional (1.49 ± 0.86, P = 0.09) and nasal (1.71 ± 0.96, P = 0.08) categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DE exposure induced a concentration-dependent increase in symptoms, primarily in the eyes and body, that was modified by environmental perception. These observations emphasize the inflammatory and sensory effects of TRAP, with a potential threshold below 150 µg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>2.5</sub>. We demonstrate VAS questionnaires as a useful tool for health monitoring and provide insight into the TRAP concentration-response at exposure levels relevant to public health policy.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19847,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Particle and Fibre Toxicology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-11-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9685897/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Particle and Fibre Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"TOXICOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Concentration-dependent increase in symptoms due to diesel exhaust in a controlled human exposure study.
Background: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure causes adverse effects on wellbeing and quality of life, which can be studied non-invasively using self-reported symptoms. However, little is known about the effects of different TRAP concentrations on symptoms following controlled exposures, where acute responses can be studied with limited confounding. We investigated the concentration-response relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure, as a model TRAP, and self-reported symptoms.
Methods: We recruited 17 healthy non-smokers into a double-blind crossover study where they were exposed to filtered air (FA) and DE standardized to 20, 50, 150 µg/m3 PM2.5 for 4 h, with a ≥ 4-week washout between exposures. Immediately before, and at 4 h and 24 h from the beginning of the exposure, we administered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires and grouped responses into chest, constitutional, eye, neurological, and nasal categories. Additionally, we assessed how the symptom response was related to exposure perception and airway function.
Results: An increase in DE concentration raised total (β ± standard error = 0.05 ± 0.03, P = 0.04), constitutional (0.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.03) and eye (0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.05) symptoms at 4 h, modified by perception of temperature, noise, and anxiety. These symptoms were also correlated with airway inflammation. Compared to FA, symptoms were significantly increased at 150 µg/m3 for the total (8.45 ± 3.92, P = 0.04) and eye (3.18 ± 1.55, P = 0.05) categories, with trends towards higher values in the constitutional (1.49 ± 0.86, P = 0.09) and nasal (1.71 ± 0.96, P = 0.08) categories.
Conclusion: DE exposure induced a concentration-dependent increase in symptoms, primarily in the eyes and body, that was modified by environmental perception. These observations emphasize the inflammatory and sensory effects of TRAP, with a potential threshold below 150 µg/m3 PM2.5. We demonstrate VAS questionnaires as a useful tool for health monitoring and provide insight into the TRAP concentration-response at exposure levels relevant to public health policy.
期刊介绍：
Particle and Fibre Toxicology is an online journal that is open access and peer-reviewed. It covers a range of disciplines such as material science, biomaterials, and nanomedicine, focusing on the toxicological effects of particles and fibres. The journal serves as a platform for scientific debate and communication among toxicologists and scientists from different fields who work with particle and fibre materials. The main objective of the journal is to deepen our understanding of the physico-chemical properties of particles, their potential for human exposure, and the resulting biological effects. It also addresses regulatory issues related to particle exposure in workplaces and the general environment. Moreover, the journal recognizes that there are various situations where particles can pose a toxicological threat, such as the use of old materials in new applications or the introduction of new materials altogether. By encompassing all these disciplines, Particle and Fibre Toxicology provides a comprehensive source for research in this field.
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