Stereochemical insights into neuroprotective alkaloids from the aerial parts of Emilia sonchifolia

A new alkaloid featured with a dibenz[c,e]azepin-5-one scaffold, namely emililactam A (3), together with a known pyrrolidine alkaloid (emilisonchine, 1) and a known flavonoid alkaloid [8-(2″-pyrrolidinone-5″-yl)-quercetin, 2] were isolated from the aerial parts of Emilia sonchifolia. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated as racemic forms which were further separated, for the first time, to their corresponding enantiomers [(+)-1/(−)-1 and (+)-2/(−)-2], respectively, by using chiral-phase HPLC. The structure of new compound 3 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the absolute configurations of optically pure (+)-1/(−)-1 and (+)-2/(−)-2 were determined by the time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. In an in vitro bioassay, compounds (+)-1, (−)-1, (±)-1, and 3 exhibited moderate neuroprotective effects against corticosterone-induced injuries of PC12 cells.