Geoffrey L McKinley, Jack M Kuhns, Dayna R Touron, Christopher Hertzog
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The role of metacognitive uncertainty in the delayed retrieval shift of older adults.
Strategic choice behavior of older adults in many skill acquisition tasks can be characterized as a delayed and/or incomplete shift to a more efficient retrieval-based strategy, even when older adults possess the requisite knowledge to use it successfully. The noun-pair lookup task (NPLT) requires verification of whether a centrally presented word pair matches one of a set of pairs displayed at the top of the screen. Because the pairings do not change, verification can be made from memory as the associations are learned. This study examines the role of metacognitive uncertainty in explaining older adults' delayed retrieval shift in the NPLT. Older and younger adults participated in a NPLT with previously learned items and new items. For each trial, the look-up table was shown only if the scanning strategy was selected. Some participants were given a precue informing whether the item had been previously learned. Retrieval strategy choice was low for older adults but precueing increased its frequency. Older adults' retrieval choices had minimal costs on NPLT accuracy, suggesting that the delayed retrieval shift can be exacerbated by metacognitive uncertainty that was reduced by precueing. The role of metacognitive uncertainty in older adults' retrieval avoidance was supported by a robust item-level regression effect of retrospective confidence judgments during prelearning tests and later NPLT retrieval strategy choices for older adults.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.