新任务的发展,以评估结果特异性和一般的人类巴甫洛夫-工具转移。

IF 2.3 4区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Neuropsychobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-14 DOI:10.1159/000526774
Matthew J Belanger, Hao Chen, Angela Hentschel, Maria Garbusow, Claudia Ebrahimi, Felix G Knorr, Hilmar G Zech, Maximilian Pilhatsch, Andreas Heinz, Michael N Smolka
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引用次数: 5

摘要

在过去的二十年中,人类神经行为领域巴甫洛夫-工具迁移(PIT)研究的出现引起了越来越多的兴趣。在此期间,开发了各种PIT任务;虽然成功地说明了转移现象,但现有的任务有一些限制,应予解决。在此,我们介绍了两种PIT范式,旨在评估成瘾背景下的结果特异性和一般PIT。材料和方法:单杆PIT任务,基于已建立的范例,用操纵杆运动代替按钮按压,以更好地评估回避行为。完整的转移任务使用与巴甫洛夫线索和工具反应相关的酒精和非酒精奖励,以及其他味觉和金钱奖励。我们构建了混合效应模型,并根据需要添加了其他统计分析来解释各种行为测量。结果:单杆PIT:两种版本均成功诱导PIT效果(操纵杆:p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36,按钮框:p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.30)。完全转移任务:确定酒精和非酒精奖励线索选择性地启动各自的奖励相关反应(味觉版本:p < 0.001, r = 0.59,货币版本:p < 0.001, r = 0.84)。食欲/厌恶提示导致一般转移效应(味觉:p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.09,货币:p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.17)。讨论/结论:单杠杆PIT:在两个任务版本中都观察到PIT。我们假设操纵杆的使用对回避行为的分析更有利。它均匀地分配了接近和回避试验之间的运动,这与分析fMRI数据有关。完整的转移任务:虽然味觉条件反射在过去已经被用来引发转移效应,但我们提出了第一个范例,成功地在人类的味觉酒精奖励中引出特定和一般的转移。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of Novel Tasks to Assess Outcome-Specific and General Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer in Humans.

Introduction: The emergence of Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) research in the human neurobehavioral domain has been met with increased interest over the past two decades. A variety of PIT tasks were developed during this time; while successful in demonstrating transfer phenomena, existing tasks have limitations that should be addressed. Herein, we introduce two PIT paradigms designed to assess outcome-specific and general PIT within the context of addiction.

Materials and methods: The single-lever PIT task, based on an established paradigm, replaced button presses with joystick motion to better assess avoidance behavior. The full transfer task uses alcohol and nonalcohol rewards associated with Pavlovian cues and instrumental responses, along with other gustatory and monetary rewards. We constructed mixed-effects models with the addition of other statistical analyses as needed to interpret various behavioral measures.

Results: Single-lever PIT: both versions were successful in eliciting a PIT effect (joystick: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36, button-box: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.30). Full transfer task: it was determined that the alcohol and nonalcoholic reward cues selectively primed their respective reward-associated responses (gustatory version: p < 0.001, r = 0.59, and monetary version: p < 0.001, r = 0.84). The appetitive/aversive cues resulted in a general transfer effect (gustatory: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.09, and monetary: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.17).

Discussion/conclusion: Single-lever PIT: PIT was observed in both task versions. We posit that the use of a joystick is more advantageous for the analysis of avoidance behavior. It evenly distributes movement between approach and avoid trials, which is relevant to analyzing fMRI data. Full transfer task: While gustatory conditioning has been used in the past to elicit transfer effects, we present the first paradigm that successfully elicits both specific and general transfers in humans with gustatory alcohol rewards.

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来源期刊
Neuropsychobiology
Neuropsychobiology 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The biological approach to mental disorders continues to yield innovative findings of clinical importance, particularly if methodologies are combined. This journal collects high quality empirical studies from various experimental and clinical approaches in the fields of Biological Psychiatry, Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology. It features original, clinical and basic research in the fields of neurophysiology and functional imaging, neuropharmacology and neurochemistry, neuroendocrinology and neuroimmunology, genetics and their relationships with normal psychology and psychopathology. In addition, the reader will find studies on animal models of mental disorders and therapeutic interventions, and pharmacoelectroencephalographic studies. Regular reviews report new methodologic approaches, and selected case reports provide hints for future research. ''Neuropsychobiology'' is a complete record of strategies and methodologies employed to study the biological basis of mental functions including their interactions with psychological and social factors.
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