Tonalli García-Santibañez , Mónica Rosenblueth , Luis M. Bolaños , Julio Martínez-Romero , Esperanza Martínez-Romero
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引用次数: 0
摘要
大约4.3亿年前，蝎子是最早出现在陆地上的动物之一。像许多蛛形纲动物一样，蝎子进化出了复杂的毒液，用来麻痹猎物和自卫。在这里，我们测序和分析了从Vaejovis smithi蝎子毒液腺的宏基因组DNA。获得了先前报道的Scorpion Group 1 (SG1)对应的624,025 bp的宏基因组组装基因组(MAG)。来自毒液腺的SG1基因组具有低GC含量(25.8%)的特征，包括减少的基因组、许多假设基因和来自已报道的最小细菌基因集的基因。系统基因组重建将未培养的SG1与其他报道的细菌区分开来，构成了分类上的新颖性。通过PCR，我们在30个独立个体的所有毒腺中检测到SG1。在显微镜下，我们使用FISH观察到SG1在毒腺上皮细胞内，它在蝎子胚胎中的存在表明SG1是从母亲转移到后代的。
The divergent genome of Scorpion Group 1 (SG1) intracellular bacterium from the venom glands of Vaejovis smithi (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)
Scorpions were among the first animals on land around 430 million years ago. Like many arachnids, scorpions have evolved complex venoms used to paralyze their prey and for self-defense. Here we sequenced and analyzed the metagenomic DNA from venom glands from Vaejovis smithi scorpions. A metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) of 624,025 bp was obtained corresponding to the previously reported Scorpion Group 1 (SG1). The SG1 genome from venom glands had a low GC content (25.8%) characteristic of reduced genomes, many hypothetical genes and genes from the reported minimal set of bacterial genes. Phylogenomic reconstructions placed the uncultured SG1 distant from other reported bacteria constituting a taxonomic novelty. By PCR we detected SG1 in all tested venom glands from 30 independent individuals. Microscopically, we observed SG1 inside epithelial cells from the venom glands using FISH and its presence in scorpion embryos suggested that SG1 is transferred from mother to offspring.
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