改良版的维度变化卡片分类任务测试了儿童(智人)和棉顶狨(Saguinus oedipus)的认知灵活性。

IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Journal of Comparative Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-21 DOI:10.1037/com0000312
Julie J Neiworth, Marie T Balaban, Kate Wagner, Alexandria Carlsen, Sarah Min, Ye In Christopher Kwon, Isabelle Rieth
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究人员采用改良的维度变化卡片排序(DCCS)任务来测试成年棉顶狨和 19 个月至 60 个月大儿童的认知灵活性。受试者必须从在两张牌中进行选择以获得奖励的经验中推断出一条规则,而成双成对的刺激则定义了规则(例如,选蓝色的,不选红色的;或选卡车,不选船)。两种不同的测试分别测量受试者转换到规则逆转(维度内转换)和转换到由以前无关的维度定义的新规则(维度间转换)的能力。成年狨猴和 49-60 个月大的儿童都能学会初始规则,并转换到逆转规则和基于不同维度的规则。相比之下,年龄分别为 19-36 个月和 37-48 个月的两组年龄较小的儿童,则可以在实施逆转时进行转换,但学习以前不相关维度的新规则所需的时间要长得多。实验 2 提供了一组更广泛的新刺激物,这些刺激物与原来的刺激物有一些共同的特征,以进一步探究规则学习的基础。结果发现,犭胥和 52 至 60 个月大的儿童都选择了符合规则且没有先验联想强度的新刺激物,这表明规则的应用并非完全基于联想强度。重要的是,新颖的刺激物会给儿童的选择带来一定的风险,儿童表现出规避风险的倾向,而犭胥则在新颖的情境中容易出现风险。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A modified version of the dimensional change card sort task tests cognitive flexibility in children (Homo sapiens) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).

A modified Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task was used to test cognitive flexibility in adult cotton-top tamarins and children aged 19 months to 60 months. Subjects had to infer a rule from the experience of selecting between two cards to earn a reward, and the pairs of stimuli defined the rule (e.g., pick blue ones, not red ones, or pick trucks, not boats). Two different tests measured subjects' ability to shift to a reversal of the rule (intradimensional shift) and to shift to a new rule defined by a dimension previously irrelevant (interdimensional shift). Both adult tamarins and children aged 49-60 months were able to learn the initial rule and switch to a reversal and to a rule based on a different dimension. In contrast, the two younger groups of children, aged 19-36 months and aged 37-48 months, could switch when a reversal was imposed but took significantly longer to learn a new rule on a former irrelevant dimension. Experiment 2 presented a wider set of novel stimuli which shared some features with the original set to further explore the basis of rule learning. The result was that tamarins and 52- to 60-month-old children both chose novel stimuli that fit the rule and had no a priori associative strength, suggesting a rule application not solely based on associative strength. Importantly, novel items introduced some risk for choice, and children showed themselves to be risk-averse, whereas tamarins were risk-prone within a novel context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
7.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Comparative Psychology publishes original research from a comparative perspective on the behavior, cognition, perception, and social relationships of diverse species.
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