老年人中性面孔与情绪价值的快速检测。

Akie Saito, Wataru Sato, Sakiko Yoshikawa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:以往使用视觉搜索范式的研究在老年人情绪面孔的快速检测方面提供了不一致的结果。此外,由于视觉显著性可能产生混淆效应,人脸的情感意义是否有助于对情感面孔的有效搜索尚不确定。我们通过排除视觉因素的影响来解决这个问题,并检查了老年人识别具有情感意义的面孔的能力。方法:采用中性面孔与金钱奖励或惩罚配对的联想学习过程,使中性面孔获得积极或消极的情绪价值。年长的参与者完成了联想学习任务,然后参与了一个视觉搜索任务,在这个任务中,先前学习过的中性面孔被呈现为新呈现的中性分心面孔中的差异面孔。研究人员还分析了先前一项研究中使用相同实验程序的年轻人的数据。结果:年龄较大的被试表现出较低的学习能力。然而,在学习上成功的老年人能够比那些没有金钱回报的人更快地识别出与奖励或惩罚相关的中性面孔,这与在年轻人身上观察到的模式相似。讨论:结果表明,获得性情绪价值促进了成功学习的老年人对价值相关中性面孔的发现。因此,老年人有可能保留识别面部表情的能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rapid Detection of Neutral Faces Associated With Emotional Value Among Older Adults.

Objectives: Previous studies using visual search paradigms have provided inconsistent results regarding rapid detection of emotional faces among older adults. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the emotional significance of the faces contributes to efficient searches for emotional faces due to the possible confounding effects of visual saliency. We addressed this issue by excluding the influence of visual factors and examined older adults' ability to detect faces with emotional meaning.

Method: We used an associative learning procedure in which neutral faces were paired with monetary reward or punishment, such that the neutral faces acquired positive or negative emotional value. Older participants completed the associative learning task and then engaged in a visual search task, in which previously learned neutral faces were presented as discrepant faces among newly presented neutral distractor faces. Data of young adults from a previous study that used identical experimental procedures were also analyzed.

Results: Older participants exhibited lower learning ability than young participants. However, older adults who were successful at learning were able to detect neutral faces associated with reward or punishment more rapidly than those without monetary outcomes, similar to the pattern observed for young adults.

Discussion: The results suggest that acquired emotional value promotes the detection of value-associated neutral faces among older adults who succeed at learning. It is therefore possible that the ability to detect faces that evoke emotions is preserved in older adults.

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