胎儿信息作为共享信息:使用NIPT测试成人发病条件。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS
Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-31 DOI:10.1007/s40592-021-00142-4
Hilary Bowman-Smart, Michelle Taylor-Sands
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引用次数: 4

摘要

非侵入性产前检查(NIPT)的可能性正在扩大,在不久的将来,NIPT在成人发病条件下的应用可能会得到广泛应用。如果父母使用NIPT检测这些情况,并且继续怀孕,他们将从出生时就获得有关孩子遗传易感性的信息。在本文中,我们认为,准父母应该能够获得NIPT的成人发病条件,即使他们没有终止妊娠的意图。我们首先概述了反对在这种情况下进行检测的论点,这些论点通常适用于对子宫内未成年人进行预测性检测的相同考虑。然后,我们认为,首先,有重要的实际考虑,支持测试的可用性为未来的父母,不管他们的声明意图。其次,我们反对子宫内胎儿与未成年人的伦理等式。我们的分析基于怀孕的观点,将胎儿概念化为妊娠父母的一部分,而不是更常见的怀孕“容器”模型。我们建议胎儿信息最好被概念化为妊娠父母和未来孩子之间的共享信息。因此,它应该以与其他类型的共享信息(例如对家庭成员有影响的遗传信息)类似的方式处理,其中一个人对自己的信息有权利要求,但应鼓励考虑其他相关方的利益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fetal information as shared information: using NIPT to test for adult-onset conditions.

The possibilities of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) are expanding, and the use of NIPT for adult-onset conditions may become widely available in the near future. If parents use NIPT to test for these conditions, and the pregnancy is continued, they will have information about the child's genetic predisposition from birth. In this paper, we argue that prospective parents should be able to access NIPT for an adult-onset condition, even when they have no intention to terminate the pregnancy. We begin by outlining the arguments against testing in such a situation, which generally apply the same considerations that apply in the predictive testing of a minor to the fetus in utero. We then contend, firstly, that there are important practical considerations that support availability of testing for prospective parents regardless of their stated intentions. Secondly, we object to the ethical equation of a fetus in utero with a minor. We base our analysis on a view of pregnancy that conceptualises the fetus as a part of the gestational parent, as opposed to the more common 'container' model of pregnancy. We suggest that fetal information is best conceptualised as shared information between the gestational parent and future child. Thus, it should be approached in similar ways as other kinds of shared information (such as genetic information with implications for family members), where a person has a claim over their own information, but should be encouraged to consider the interests of other relevant parties.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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