小熊猫流产发生率及胎儿发育特征。

Reproduction & Fertility Pub Date : 2021-10-21 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI:10.1530/RAF-21-0079
Jenna Lowe, Erin Curry
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引用次数: 1

摘要

以前的报告表明,小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens styani)可能在怀孕期间经历胎儿丢失;然而,在这个物种中,既没有描述怀孕失败的比率也没有描述怀孕失败的时间。本研究的目的是利用2010年至2020年在辛辛那提动物园和植物园收集的超声视频和图像来更好地描述妊娠丢失和胎儿发育。在10年的时间里,对6只雌性小熊猫进行了腹部超声检查,得出了12种特征。在12例病例中,有10例是通过超声诊断出妊娠的,40.0%的妊娠在出生前显示出胎儿丢失的证据。妊娠丢失分为失孕(2 / 10;20.0%),没有幼崽生产,或部分损失(10个中的2个;20.0%),其中两个概念通过超声波可视化,但只有一个幼崽出生。胎儿丢失发生在产前51 ~ 23天。记录胎儿生长特征,包括骨骼骨化(发生在产前32 - 27天)、冠臀长、头长、颅长和胎儿心率(173-206 b.p.m)。这些发现提供了关于妊娠丢失的新见解,可以作为胎儿发育里程碑的参考,并且可能有助于诊断和评估小熊猫的妊娠丢失。摘要:对于许多野生动物物种来说,没有非侵入性的方法来确定是否怀孕;因此,流产率往往是未知的。人们观察到,许多在人类照料下成对繁殖的小熊猫表现出正常的交配行为;然而,只有相对较低比例的母熊能生育幼崽。我们利用条件为超声检查的动物来诊断妊娠,并描述妊娠丢失的发生率和时间。总共监测了12只潜在的怀孕,从繁殖季节开始到预计产崽前2周结束。其中,10人(83.3%)被诊断为怀孕,40%的人全部或部分流产。胎儿的生长特征,如体长和头的大小,描述可能是有用的监测怀孕和估计胎龄。本研究结果为小熊猫的妊娠损失提供了新的数据。对繁殖失败的比率和时间的了解可以阐明原因和促成因素,最终允许改进畜牧业,这可能导致推荐繁殖的个体更大的繁殖成功率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas.

Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas.

Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas.

Incidence of pregnancy loss and characterization of fetal development in red pandas.

Previous reports indicate that red pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani) may experience fetal loss during gestation; however, neither the rate nor timing of pregnancy failure has been described in this species. The objective of this study was to utilize ultrasound video and images collected between 2010 and 2020 at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden to better characterize pregnancy loss and fetal development. Trans-abdominal ultrasound examinations were performed on six female red pandas over a 10-year period, resulting in 12 profiles. Pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasound in 10 of 12 profiles, and 40.0% of pregnancies showed evidence of fetal loss prior to parturition. Pregnancy loss was classified into lost (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which no cubs were produced, or partial loss (2 of 10; 20.0%), in which two concepti were visualized via ultrasound, but only one cub was born. Fetal loss occurred between days 51 and 23 pre-partum. Fetal growth characteristics were documented, including skeletal ossification (occurring between days 32 and 27 pre-partum), crown-rump length, head length, cranial length, and fetal heart rate (173-206 b.p.m.). These findings provide novel insights into pregnancy loss, may serve as a reference for milestones of fetal development, and may be useful in diagnosing pregnancy and assessing pregnancy loss in red pandas.

Lay summary: For many wildlife species, there is no non-invasive method of determining pregnancy; therefore, the rate of pregnancy loss oftentimes is unknown. Many red pandas in human care that are paired for breeding are observed exhibiting normal mating behaviors; however, only a relatively low proportion of females produce cubs. We utilized animals conditioned for ultrasound examination to diagnose pregnancy and characterize the incidence and timing of pregnancy loss. In total, 12 potential pregnancies were monitored, beginning after breeding season and ending ~2 weeks prior to anticipated cubbing. Of these, ten were (83.3%) were diagnosed as pregnant, with 40% undergoing either full or partial pregnancy loss. Fetal growth characteristics, such as body length and head size, are described which may be useful for monitoring pregnancies and estimating fetal age. Results of this study provide novel data on pregnancy loss in red pandas. Insights into the rate and timing of reproductive failure may illuminate causes and contributing factors, ultimately allowing for improvements in husbandry which may result in greater reproductive success of individuals recommended for breeding.

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