真核细胞的起源和早期进化。

IF 8.5 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Annual review of microbiology Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Epub Date: 2021-08-03 DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062213
Toni Gabaldón
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引用次数: 22

摘要

真核生物的起源被定义为自生命起源以来的主要进化转变。真核生物的大多数标志性特征,如它们复杂的细胞内组织,可以追溯到一个假定的共同祖先,这个祖先比现存的真核生物的广泛多样性要早。然而,人们对从先前存在的原核生物到这个已经很复杂的祖先的过程中发生的事件的性质和相对顺序知之甚少。线粒体起源于α变形菌的内共生,这是真核生物起源假说中为数不多的得到有力证实的事件之一,但关于这种获得的时间、宿主的性质以及共生伙伴之间的生态和代谢相互作用,争论仍然存在。在获得线粒体后,真核生物经历了几个主要进化支的快速辐射,其系统发育关系在很大程度上是难以捉摸的。对越来越多的基因组进行比较分析的最新进展,为真核生物进化的早期事件以及真核生物树的根和分支模式提供了线索。在这里,我讨论目前的知识和辩论的起源和早期演化的真核生物。我特别关注系统基因组学分析如何挑战一些关于真核生物进化的早期假设,包括普遍认为古细菌宿主中的线粒体共生是真核生物中最早的事件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Origin and Early Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell.

The origin of eukaryotes has been defined as the major evolutionary transition since the origin of life itself. Most hallmark traits of eukaryotes, such as their intricate intracellular organization, can be traced back to a putative common ancestor that predated the broad diversity of extant eukaryotes. However, little is known about the nature and relative order of events that occurred in the path from preexisting prokaryotes to this already sophisticated ancestor. The origin of mitochondria from the endosymbiosis of an alphaproteobacterium is one of the few robustly established events to which most hypotheses on the origin of eukaryotes are anchored, but the debate is still open regarding the time of this acquisition, the nature of the host, and the ecological and metabolic interactions between the symbiotic partners. After the acquisition of mitochondria, eukaryotes underwent a fast radiation into several major clades whose phylogenetic relationships have been largely elusive. Recent progress in the comparative analyses of a growing number of genomes is shedding light on the early events of eukaryotic evolution as well as on the root and branching patterns of the tree of eukaryotes. Here I discuss current knowledge and debates on the origin and early evolution of eukaryotes. I focus particularly on how phylogenomic analyses have challenged some of the early assumptions about eukaryotic evolution, including the widespread idea that mitochondrial symbiosis in an archaeal host was the earliest event in eukaryogenesis.

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来源期刊
Annual review of microbiology
Annual review of microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
18.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: Annual Review of Microbiology is a Medical and Microbiology Journal and published by Annual Reviews Inc. The Annual Review of Microbiology, in publication since 1947, covers significant developments in the field of microbiology, encompassing bacteria, archaea, viruses, and unicellular eukaryotes. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license. The Impact Factor of Annual Review of Microbiology is 10.242 (2024) Impact factor. The Annual Review of Microbiology Journal is Indexed with Pubmed, Scopus, UGC (University Grants Commission).
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