A Longitudinal Observation of the Influence of Michigan Sports Concussion Law on Parents' Knowledge and Perception of Sport-Related Concussion.

Introduction: In 2013, Michigan enacted legislation requiring parents and athletes to receive educational material concerning sport-related concussion (SRC). The aim of this study was to examine trends in concussion knowledge of parents from one community following implementation of Michigan's Sports Concussion Laws (MSCL).

Methods: A convenience sample of parents of students from a suburban school district were surveyed via district email at one year and five years post MSCL implementation. Results were compared to an equivalent 33-item survey obtained prior to the law. Individual questions were compared between the three surveys using Chi-square analysis with statistical significance observed at p < 0.05.

Results: A total of 381 responses were obtained from the one-year post-MSCL (1yMSCL) and 178 in the five-year post-MSCL (5yMSCL) survey. Awareness of district policy regarding concussion was significantly higher after implementation of the MSCL (i.e., 77% at 1yMSCL and 71% at 5yMSCL) compared to prior 18% pre-MSCL (p < 0.0001). Respondents to the 5yMSCL survey were also significantly more aware of medical guidelines surrounding "return to play" after SRC compared to 1yMSCL (84.8% v 78.7%, p = 0.01). At 5yMSCL, significantly more respondents agreed that head injuries could cause more brain damage to children than adults (86.5% v 78.7% at 1yMSCL, p = 0.03). Finally, most parents at both survey periods rated the concussion educational material as the most helpful information source regarding SRC.

Conclusions: Based on these results, parental knowledge awareness appears to have increased concerning awareness of medical guidelines for SRC and potential brain damage risks to children after enactment of the MSCL.