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引用次数: 3
摘要
卡纳卡毛利人(夏威夷土著)有幸拥有书面文献,以圣歌、故事和口传了几个世纪的家谱的形式记录了他们对环境的观察和关系。这些文献将他们与祖先的知识联系起来,突出了物种、地点和重要的过程。kumullipo(卡纳卡毛利人的创世故事)中的谚语Pua ka wiliwili, nanahu ka manku(当柳树开花时,鲨鱼咬人)是自然,人类和特定生物(这里的鲨鱼)的例子,或manō-in生态物候学。这篇文章的重点是“满语”,因为“满语”在夏威夷文化中的重要性和历史参考的可用性,相比之下,可用的科学知识相对较少。通过夏威夷土著科学,人们理解了manhi作为“auumakua”(守护者)和独特个体的角色。作者以“manhi”为视角,通过它来认识夏威夷世界观的独特性,重点介绍了所开发的分类系统,并将该框架应用于分析管理场景。她认为,使用夏威夷土著科学可以帮助采用新的方法来分类我们的环境相互作用和关系,这将使我们更接近我们活着的亲戚。有关文化上重要物种的管理决策不需要仅仅基于最新的西方科学数据,而是可以利用卡纳卡毛利人口头文献中存储的更长的知识数据集。
Pua ka wiliwili, nanahu ka manō: Understanding Sharks in Hawaiian Culture.
Kanaka Maoli (Indigenous Hawaiians) are blessed with a written literature that documents observations and relationships with their environment in the form of chants, stories, and genealogies passed down orally for centuries. These literatures connect them to their ancestral knowledge and highlight species, places, and processes of importance. Such sayings as Pua ka wiliwili, nanahu ka manō (When the wiliwili blossoms, sharks bite), from the Kumulipo (a Kanaka Maoli creation story), are examples of the place of nature, humans, and a specifijic creature-here the shark, or manō-in ecological phenology. This article focuses on manō because of the importance of manō in Hawaiian culture and the availability of historical references, in contrast to the relatively little available scientifijic knowledge. Manō are understood through Hawaiian Indigenous science in their roles as 'aumakua (guardians) and as unique individuals. By using manō as a lens through which to recognize the uniqueness of the Hawaiian worldview, the author highlights the classifijication system developed and applies this framework in analyzing management scenarios. She argues that using Hawaiian Indigenous science can help adapt new ways to classify our environmental interactions and relationships that will bring us closer to our living relatives. Management decisions regarding culturally important species need not be based solely on the most current Western scientifijic data but can utilize the much longer data set of knowledge stored in Kanaka Maoli oral literature.
期刊介绍:
Human Biology publishes original scientific articles, brief communications, letters to the editor, and review articles on the general topic of biological anthropology. Our main focus is understanding human biological variation and human evolution through a broad range of approaches.
We encourage investigators to submit any study on human biological diversity presented from an evolutionary or adaptive perspective. Priority will be given to interdisciplinary studies that seek to better explain the interaction between cultural processes and biological processes in our evolution. Methodological papers are also encouraged. Any computational approach intended to summarize cultural variation is encouraged. Studies that are essentially descriptive or concern only a limited geographic area are acceptable only when they have a wider relevance to understanding human biological variation.
Manuscripts may cover any of the following disciplines, once the anthropological focus is apparent: human population genetics, evolutionary and genetic demography, quantitative genetics, evolutionary biology, ancient DNA studies, biological diversity interpreted in terms of adaptation (biometry, physical anthropology), and interdisciplinary research linking biological and cultural diversity (inferred from linguistic variability, ethnological diversity, archaeological evidence, etc.).