Cody S Nelson, Genevieve G A Fouda, Sallie R Permar
{"title":"小儿 HIV-1 感染与婴儿感染的终生后果》(Pediatric HIV-1 Acquisition and Lifelong Consequences of Infant Infection)。","authors":"Cody S Nelson, Genevieve G A Fouda, Sallie R Permar","doi":"10.2174/1573395514666180531074047","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased availability of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant and breastfeeding women in resource-limited areas has proven remarkably successful at reducing HIV vertical transmission rates over the past several decades. Yet, still more than 170,000 children are infected annually due to failures in therapy implementation, monitoring, and adherence. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 can occur at one of several distinct stages of infant development - intrauterine, intrapartum, and postpartum. The heterogeneity of the maternal-fetal interface at each of these modes of transmission poses a challenge for the implementation of immune interventions to prevent all modes of HIV MTCT. However, using mother-infant human cohorts and nonhuman primate models of infant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acquisition, investigators have made important observation about the biology of pediatric HIV infection and have identified unique protective immune factors for each mode of transmission. Knowledge of immune factors protective against HIV MTCT will be critical to the development of targeted immune therapies to prevent infant HIV acquisition and to bring an end to the pediatric AIDS epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":35403,"journal":{"name":"Current Immunology Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678020/pdf/nihms-1046553.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Pediatric HIV-1 Acquisition and Lifelong Consequences of Infant Infection.\",\"authors\":\"Cody S Nelson, Genevieve G A Fouda, Sallie R Permar\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/1573395514666180531074047\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Increased availability of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant and breastfeeding women in resource-limited areas has proven remarkably successful at reducing HIV vertical transmission rates over the past several decades. Yet, still more than 170,000 children are infected annually due to failures in therapy implementation, monitoring, and adherence. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 can occur at one of several distinct stages of infant development - intrauterine, intrapartum, and postpartum. The heterogeneity of the maternal-fetal interface at each of these modes of transmission poses a challenge for the implementation of immune interventions to prevent all modes of HIV MTCT. However, using mother-infant human cohorts and nonhuman primate models of infant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acquisition, investigators have made important observation about the biology of pediatric HIV infection and have identified unique protective immune factors for each mode of transmission. Knowledge of immune factors protective against HIV MTCT will be critical to the development of targeted immune therapies to prevent infant HIV acquisition and to bring an end to the pediatric AIDS epidemic.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":35403,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Immunology Reviews\",\"volume\":\"15 1\",\"pages\":\"131-138\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678020/pdf/nihms-1046553.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Immunology Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395514666180531074047\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Immunology Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573395514666180531074047","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
事实证明,在过去几十年里,资源有限地区的孕妇和哺乳期妇女越来越多地接受抗逆转录病毒疗法,在降低艾滋病毒垂直传播率方面取得了显著成效。然而,由于治疗实施、监测和坚持治疗方面的失败,每年仍有超过 170,000 名儿童受到感染。HIV-1 的母婴传播(MTCT)可能发生在婴儿发育的几个不同阶段之一--宫内、产时和产后。在上述每种传播方式中,母婴界面的异质性都为实施免疫干预措施以预防所有方式的 HIV MTCT 带来了挑战。然而,研究人员利用母婴人类队列和婴儿猿猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)感染的非人灵长类动物模型,对儿科 HIV 感染的生物学特性进行了重要观察,并确定了每种传播方式的独特保护性免疫因素。了解防止艾滋病母婴传播的免疫因素,对于开发有针对性的免疫疗法以防止婴儿感染艾滋病病毒和结束儿科艾滋病流行至关重要。
Pediatric HIV-1 Acquisition and Lifelong Consequences of Infant Infection.
Increased availability of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant and breastfeeding women in resource-limited areas has proven remarkably successful at reducing HIV vertical transmission rates over the past several decades. Yet, still more than 170,000 children are infected annually due to failures in therapy implementation, monitoring, and adherence. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 can occur at one of several distinct stages of infant development - intrauterine, intrapartum, and postpartum. The heterogeneity of the maternal-fetal interface at each of these modes of transmission poses a challenge for the implementation of immune interventions to prevent all modes of HIV MTCT. However, using mother-infant human cohorts and nonhuman primate models of infant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acquisition, investigators have made important observation about the biology of pediatric HIV infection and have identified unique protective immune factors for each mode of transmission. Knowledge of immune factors protective against HIV MTCT will be critical to the development of targeted immune therapies to prevent infant HIV acquisition and to bring an end to the pediatric AIDS epidemic.
期刊介绍:
Current Immunology Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances in clinical immunology. The journal"s aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in clinical immunology.