Daniela Miki Hatakeyama, Lídia Jorge Tasima, Cesar Adolfo Bravo-Tobar, Caroline Serino-Silva, Alexandre Keiji Tashima, Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues, Weslei da Silva Aguiar, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Eduardo Oliveira Venancio de Lima, Victor Koiti Kavazoi, Juan David Gutierrez-Marín, Iasmim Baptista de Farias, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Karen de Morais-Zani, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo
{"title":"普通长尾雉（Bothrops atrox）兄妹的毒液复杂性。","authors":"Daniela Miki Hatakeyama, Lídia Jorge Tasima, Cesar Adolfo Bravo-Tobar, Caroline Serino-Silva, Alexandre Keiji Tashima, Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues, Weslei da Silva Aguiar, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Eduardo Oliveira Venancio de Lima, Victor Koiti Kavazoi, Juan David Gutierrez-Marín, Iasmim Baptista de Farias, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Karen de Morais-Zani, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0018","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Variability in snake venoms is a well-studied phenomenon. However, sex-based variation of <i>Bothrops atrox</i> snake venom using siblings is poorly investigated. <i>Bothrops atrox</i> is responsible for the majority of snakebite accidents in the Brazilian Amazon region. Differences in the venom composition of <i>Bothrops</i> genus have been linked to several factors such as ontogeny, geographical distribution, prey preferences and sex. Thus, in the current study, venom samples of <i>Bothrops atrox</i> male and female siblings were analyzed in order to compare their biochemical and biological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Venoms were collected from five females and four males born from a snake captured from the wild in São Bento (Maranhão, Brazil), and kept in the Laboratory of Herpetology of Butantan Intitute. The venoms were analyzed individually and as a pool of each gender. The assays consisted in protein quantification, 1-DE, mass spectrometry, proteolytic, phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, L-amino acid oxidase activities, minimum coagulant dose upon plasma, minimum hemorrhagic dose and lethal dose 50%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electrophoretic profiles of male's and female's venom pools were quite similar, with minor sex-based variation. Male venom showed higher LAAO, PLA<sub>2</sub> and hemorrhagic activities, while female venom showed higher coagulant activity. On the other hand, the proteolytic activities did not show statistical differences between pools, although some individual variations were observed. Meanwhile, proteomic profile revealed 112 different protein compounds; of which 105 were common proteins of female's and male's venom pools and seven were unique to females. Despite individual variations, lethality of both pools showed similar values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although differences between female and male venoms were observed, our results show that individual variations are significant even between siblings, highlighting that biological activities of venoms and its composition are influenced by other factors beyond gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"26 ","pages":"e20200018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553035/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Venom complexity of <i>Bothrops atrox</i> (common lancehead) siblings.\",\"authors\":\"Daniela Miki Hatakeyama, Lídia Jorge Tasima, Cesar Adolfo Bravo-Tobar, Caroline Serino-Silva, Alexandre Keiji Tashima, Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues, Weslei da Silva Aguiar, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Eduardo Oliveira Venancio de Lima, Victor Koiti Kavazoi, Juan David Gutierrez-Marín, Iasmim Baptista de Farias, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Karen de Morais-Zani, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo\",\"doi\":\"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0018\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Variability in snake venoms is a well-studied phenomenon. However, sex-based variation of <i>Bothrops atrox</i> snake venom using siblings is poorly investigated. <i>Bothrops atrox</i> is responsible for the majority of snakebite accidents in the Brazilian Amazon region. Differences in the venom composition of <i>Bothrops</i> genus have been linked to several factors such as ontogeny, geographical distribution, prey preferences and sex. Thus, in the current study, venom samples of <i>Bothrops atrox</i> male and female siblings were analyzed in order to compare their biochemical and biological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Venoms were collected from five females and four males born from a snake captured from the wild in São Bento (Maranhão, Brazil), and kept in the Laboratory of Herpetology of Butantan Intitute. The venoms were analyzed individually and as a pool of each gender. The assays consisted in protein quantification, 1-DE, mass spectrometry, proteolytic, phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, L-amino acid oxidase activities, minimum coagulant dose upon plasma, minimum hemorrhagic dose and lethal dose 50%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electrophoretic profiles of male's and female's venom pools were quite similar, with minor sex-based variation. Male venom showed higher LAAO, PLA<sub>2</sub> and hemorrhagic activities, while female venom showed higher coagulant activity. On the other hand, the proteolytic activities did not show statistical differences between pools, although some individual variations were observed. Meanwhile, proteomic profile revealed 112 different protein compounds; of which 105 were common proteins of female's and male's venom pools and seven were unique to females. Despite individual variations, lethality of both pools showed similar values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although differences between female and male venoms were observed, our results show that individual variations are significant even between siblings, highlighting that biological activities of venoms and its composition are influenced by other factors beyond gender.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17565,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases\",\"volume\":\"26 \",\"pages\":\"e20200018\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-10-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7553035/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0018\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"TOXICOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0018","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Venom complexity of Bothrops atrox (common lancehead) siblings.
Background: Variability in snake venoms is a well-studied phenomenon. However, sex-based variation of Bothrops atrox snake venom using siblings is poorly investigated. Bothrops atrox is responsible for the majority of snakebite accidents in the Brazilian Amazon region. Differences in the venom composition of Bothrops genus have been linked to several factors such as ontogeny, geographical distribution, prey preferences and sex. Thus, in the current study, venom samples of Bothrops atrox male and female siblings were analyzed in order to compare their biochemical and biological characteristics.
Methods: Venoms were collected from five females and four males born from a snake captured from the wild in São Bento (Maranhão, Brazil), and kept in the Laboratory of Herpetology of Butantan Intitute. The venoms were analyzed individually and as a pool of each gender. The assays consisted in protein quantification, 1-DE, mass spectrometry, proteolytic, phospholipase A2, L-amino acid oxidase activities, minimum coagulant dose upon plasma, minimum hemorrhagic dose and lethal dose 50%.
Results: Electrophoretic profiles of male's and female's venom pools were quite similar, with minor sex-based variation. Male venom showed higher LAAO, PLA2 and hemorrhagic activities, while female venom showed higher coagulant activity. On the other hand, the proteolytic activities did not show statistical differences between pools, although some individual variations were observed. Meanwhile, proteomic profile revealed 112 different protein compounds; of which 105 were common proteins of female's and male's venom pools and seven were unique to females. Despite individual variations, lethality of both pools showed similar values.
Conclusion: Although differences between female and male venoms were observed, our results show that individual variations are significant even between siblings, highlighting that biological activities of venoms and its composition are influenced by other factors beyond gender.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (JVATiTD) is a non-commercial academic open access publication dedicated to research on all aspects of toxinology, venomous animals and tropical diseases. Its interdisciplinary content includes original scientific articles covering research on toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:systematics and morphology of venomous animals;physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology of toxins;epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of envenoming by different animals, plants and microorganisms;development and evaluation of antivenoms and toxin-derivative products;epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of tropical diseases (caused by virus, bacteria, algae, fungi and parasites) including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) defined by the World Health Organization.
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