Microbial transfers from Venus to Earth.

The possibility that the clouds of Venus are habitats for microorganisms has been discussed for several decades. Over the past two decades evidence to support this point of view has grown with new data from space probes and space exploration. In this article we argue that microorganisms are likely to be widely present in the clouds of Venus, and may under certain conditions have a ready route to Earth. Such transfers could occur by the action of the solar wind that leads to expulsion of parts of the atmosphere laden with microorganisms. The expelled material forms a comet-like tail in the antisolar direction and during inferior conjunctions of Venus could lead to injections of bacteria and other microorganisms onto the Earth. In situations of very low sunspot activity as now prevails, with a consequent weakening of the magnetopause this flux of microbes will be considerably enhanced. The inferior conjunction of 4 June 2020 together with the prevailing deep minimum in the sunspot cycle provides a combination of circumstances that is particularly favorable to such a process.