人脑类器官和意识:一把双刃剑。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS
Andrea Lavazza
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引用次数: 30

摘要

人脑类器官(HCOs)是模拟人脑发育过程和组织的三维体外细胞培养物。在短短几年内,这项技术已经产生了大脑模型,这些模型已经被用于研究神经系统疾病和测试治疗方法和药物。目前,hco由数千万个细胞组成,大小只有几毫米。进一步发展的最大限制是由于它们缺乏血管化。然而,最近的研究表明,人类大脑类器官可以表现出与早产儿相同的电活动以及大脑神经元和脑电图模式之间的联系。所有这些都表明,在未来,hco可能会表现出一种体验基本感觉的能力,比如疼痛,从而表现出感知能力,甚至是基本的意识形式。这就需要考虑大脑类器官是否应该被赋予道德地位,以及应该引入哪些限制来规范研究。在这篇文章中,我特别关注人类意识的出现和机制的研究,即最复杂的科学问题之一,通过对hco的实验。这种类型的实验引发了相关的伦理问题,正如我将论证的那样,可能不应该被认为是道德上可以接受的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human cerebral organoids and consciousness: a double-edged sword.

Human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are three-dimensional in vitro cell cultures that mimic the developmental process and organization of the developing human brain. In just a few years this technique has produced brain models that are already being used to study diseases of the nervous system and to test treatments and drugs. Currently, HCOs consist of tens of millions of cells and have a size of a few millimeters. The greatest limitation to further development is due to their lack of vascularization. However, recent research has shown that human cerebral organoids can manifest the same electrical activity and connections between brain neurons and EEG patterns as those recorded in preterm babies. All this suggests that, in the future, HCOs may manifest an ability to experience basic sensations such as pain, therefore manifesting sentience, or even rudimentary forms of consciousness. This calls for consideration of whether cerebral organoids should be given a moral status and what limitations should be introduced to regulate research. In this article I focus particularly on the study of the emergence and mechanisms of human consciousness, i.e. one of the most complex scientific problems there are, by means of experiments on HCOs. This type of experiment raises relevant ethical issues and, as I will argue, should probably not be considered morally acceptable.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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