Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior, Lara de Souza Abreu, Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Weslei da Silva Aguiar, Caroline Serino-Silva, Valdomiro Souza Dos Santos, Isabella Alves Costa, Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo, Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues, Karen de Morais-Zani
{"title":"刺爪蛇个体毒液谱的地理变异。","authors":"Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior, Lara de Souza Abreu, Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Weslei da Silva Aguiar, Caroline Serino-Silva, Valdomiro Souza Dos Santos, Isabella Alves Costa, Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo, Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues, Karen de Morais-Zani","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, <i>Crotalus durissus</i>, which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. The species is subdivided into several subspecies, but the current classification is controversial. In Brazil, the venoms of <i>C. d. terrificus</i> and <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> and <i>C. d. terrificus</i> venoms from three Brazilian states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the compositional patterns of <i>C. d. terrificus</i> and <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. For functional analyzes, the enzymatic activities of PLA<sub>2</sub>, LAAO, and coagulant activity were evaluated. Finally, the immunorecognition of venom toxins by the crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was evaluated using Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protein profile of individual venoms from <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> and <i>C. d. terrificus</i> showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed a geographic pattern concerning PLA<sub>2</sub>. In addition, a remarkable intraspecific variation was also observed in PLA<sub>2</sub>, LAAO and coagulant activities. The immunorecognition pattern of individual venoms from <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> and <i>C. d. terrificus</i> by crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlighted the individual variability among the venoms of <i>C. durissus</i> ssp. specimens. Importantly, our data point to a geographical variation of <i>C. durissus</i> ssp. venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA<sub>2</sub> isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"26 ","pages":"e20200016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449379/pdf/","citationCount":"9","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Geographic variation of individual venom profile of <i>Crotalus durissus</i> snakes.\",\"authors\":\"Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior, Lara de Souza Abreu, Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues, Nathália da Costa Galizio, Weslei da Silva Aguiar, Caroline Serino-Silva, Valdomiro Souza Dos Santos, Isabella Alves Costa, Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira, Sávio Stefanini Sant'Anna, Kathleen Fernandes Grego, Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo, Leandro Nascimento da Silva Rodrigues, Karen de Morais-Zani\",\"doi\":\"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, <i>Crotalus durissus</i>, which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. The species is subdivided into several subspecies, but the current classification is controversial. In Brazil, the venoms of <i>C. d. terrificus</i> and <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> and <i>C. d. terrificus</i> venoms from three Brazilian states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the compositional patterns of <i>C. d. terrificus</i> and <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. For functional analyzes, the enzymatic activities of PLA<sub>2</sub>, LAAO, and coagulant activity were evaluated. Finally, the immunorecognition of venom toxins by the crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was evaluated using Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protein profile of individual venoms from <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> and <i>C. d. terrificus</i> showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed a geographic pattern concerning PLA<sub>2</sub>. In addition, a remarkable intraspecific variation was also observed in PLA<sub>2</sub>, LAAO and coagulant activities. The immunorecognition pattern of individual venoms from <i>C. d. collilineatus</i> and <i>C. d. terrificus</i> by crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlighted the individual variability among the venoms of <i>C. durissus</i> ssp. specimens. Importantly, our data point to a geographical variation of <i>C. durissus</i> ssp. venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA<sub>2</sub> isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17565,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases\",\"volume\":\"26 \",\"pages\":\"e20200016\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-08-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449379/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"9\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0016\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2020/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"TOXICOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0016","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2020/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Geographic variation of individual venom profile of Crotalus durissus snakes.
Background: South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, Crotalus durissus, which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. The species is subdivided into several subspecies, but the current classification is controversial. In Brazil, the venoms of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus venoms from three Brazilian states.
Methods: We compared the compositional patterns of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. For functional analyzes, the enzymatic activities of PLA2, LAAO, and coagulant activity were evaluated. Finally, the immunorecognition of venom toxins by the crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was evaluated using Western blotting.
Results: The protein profile of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. Interestingly, HPLC analysis showed a geographic pattern concerning PLA2. In addition, a remarkable intraspecific variation was also observed in PLA2, LAAO and coagulant activities. The immunorecognition pattern of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus by crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was similar.
Conclusions: The results highlighted the individual variability among the venoms of C. durissus ssp. specimens. Importantly, our data point to a geographical variation of C. durissus ssp. venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA2 isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (JVATiTD) is a non-commercial academic open access publication dedicated to research on all aspects of toxinology, venomous animals and tropical diseases. Its interdisciplinary content includes original scientific articles covering research on toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:systematics and morphology of venomous animals;physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology of toxins;epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of envenoming by different animals, plants and microorganisms;development and evaluation of antivenoms and toxin-derivative products;epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of tropical diseases (caused by virus, bacteria, algae, fungi and parasites) including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) defined by the World Health Organization.
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