BMI在青春期前儿童急性体育活动后认知中的作用

IF 3.4 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
Lauren B. Raine , Shih-Chun Kao , Eric S. Drollette , Matthew B. Pontifex , Dominika Pindus , Jennifer Hunt , Arthur F. Kramer , Charles H. Hillman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:儿童时期缺乏身体活动的现象越来越普遍,同时肥胖率也在上升,这与各种健康问题有关。然而,身体质量指数(BMI)的增加在多大程度上影响急性身体活动(PA)对儿童认知的益处仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨BMI是否会影响急性PA对抑制控制任务表现的影响。方法从先前的4项研究中抽取116名儿童作为样本(8-11岁;51名女性)、年龄、性别、智商、社会经济地位和有氧适能与BMI一起被考虑。孩子们参加了一项平衡的随机交叉研究,他们完成了两种不同的干预措施;20分钟的跑步机步行(心率最大60-70%)和安静的阅读(非运动控制)。在每次干预后,孩子们执行一个修改后的侧卫任务来操纵抑制控制需求。进行相关性分析,以确定每次干预后人口统计学变量、适应度和BMI对抑制控制的影响。随后进行分层回归分析,第一步人口统计学因素显著,第二步有氧适应度显著,最后一步BMI。结果分析表明,与宁静阅读对照相比,步行干预后儿童表现出任务表现的改善(p≤0.001)和干扰的减少(p = 0.04),表明急性PA跨任务条件下的益处更大,并且选择性地对需要更大抑制控制的任务条件有更大的益处。回归分析显示,高BMI与急性PA后的表现下降有关(p = 0.001);静息阅读后未观察到这种关联(p≥0.11)。这些结果表明,BMI对急性运动对表现的影响是负面的。结论证实了先前的研究,这些发现表明急性PA对调节抑制控制要求的侧侧任务有有益的影响,但对需要更多抑制控制的任务条件的影响明显更大。此外,PA的这些有益作用在BMI较高的儿童中似乎减弱了。这些发现表明,PA对认知的急性益处可能并未完全体现在BMI较高的儿童身上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of BMI on cognition following acute physical activity in preadolescent children

Background

There is an increasing prevalence of physical inactivity during childhood, concurrent with a rise in obesity rates, which is associated with a variety of health problems. However, the extent to which increased body mass index (BMI) influences acute physical activity (PA) benefits on cognition in childhood remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether BMI influences the effects of acute PA on inhibitory control task performance.

Methods

In a sample of 116 children pooled from four prior studies (ages 8-11; 51 females), demographic measures of age, sex, IQ, socioeconomic status, and aerobic fitness were considered along with BMI. Children participated in a counterbalanced, randomized crossover study, whereby they completed two different interventions; 20 minutes of treadmill walking (60-70% heart rate max) and restful reading (non-exercise control). Following each intervention, children performed a modified flanker task that manipulates inhibitory control demands. Correlations were conducted to determine the influence of demographic variables, fitness, and BMI on inhibitory control following each intervention. Subsequent hierarchical regression analyses were performed with significant demographic factors in the first step, aerobic fitness in the second step when significant, and BMI in the final step.

Results

Analyses indicated that children exhibited improved task performance (p's ≤ 0.001) and decreased interference (p = 0.04) following the walking intervention compared to the restful reading control condition, indicating greater benefits following acute PA across task condition, with selectively greater benefits for the task condition requiring greater inhibitory control. Regression analyses revealed that greater BMI was related to decreased performance following acute PA (p = 0.001); an association not observed following restful reading (p's ≥ 0.11). These results suggest that BMI negatively influences the effect of acute exercise on performance.

Conclusion

Confirming previous studies, these findings indicate beneficial effects of acute PA on a flanker task that modulates inhibitory control requirements, but the effects are significantly greater for task conditions requiring greater amounts of inhibitory control. Further, these beneficial effects of PA appear to be blunted in children with higher BMI. These findings suggest that the acute benefits of PA on cognition may not be fully realized in children with higher BMI.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
6.10%
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22
审稿时长
65 days
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