胚胎实验:是否有理由超越“14天规则”?

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS
Grant Castelyn
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引用次数: 7

摘要

最近的科学进展表明,在体外维持人类胚胎超过14天在技术上是可行的。超过这一阶段的研究目前受到14天规则的限制。自从胚胎培养取得进展以来,一直有人呼吁延长目前的限制。目前关于延期的辩论,大部分都把14天的规定视为一种政治妥协,因此,关注的是政策问题,而不是评估上限的哲学基础。虽然有相关的政治考虑,但我认为延长辩论的成功最终将取决于支持目前14天限制的理由的力度。我认为,14天规则最有力和最普遍的理由——对个性化和神经发育的呼吁——并没有为14天的限制提供足够的支持。相反,我建议,基于感觉的另一种理由将构成保护胚胎的更站得住脚的基础,对这种理由的考虑似乎支持对目前限制的修正,而不是保留它。虽然这些结论并未确定应延长目前的限额;他们确实建议延期是有保证和允许的。因此,本文提供了重新评估14天规则的理由。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Embryo experimentation: is there a case for moving beyond the '14-day rule'.

Recent scientific advances have indicated that it may be technically feasible to sustain human embryos in vitro beyond 14 days. Research beyond this stage is currently restricted by a guideline known as the 14-day rule. Since the advances in embryo culturing there have been calls to extend the current limit. Much of the current debate concerning an extension has regarded the 14-day rule as a political compromise and has, therefore, focused on policy concerns rather than assessing the philosophical foundations of the limit. While there are relevant political considerations, I maintain that the success of extension arguments will ultimately depend on the strength of the justifications supporting the current 14-day limit. I argue that the strongest and most prevalent justifications for the 14-day rule-an appeal to individuation and neural development-do not provide adequate support for the limit of 14 days. I instead suggest that an alternative justification based on sentience would constitute a more defensible basis for embryo protection and that a consideration of such grounds appears to support an amendment to the current limit, rather than the retention of it. While these conclusions do not establish conclusively that the current limit should be extended; they do suggest that an extension may be warranted and permissible. As such, this paper offers grounds on which a reassessment of the 14-day rule may be justified.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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