模拟作物病害对全球粮食安全的影响。

IF 9.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Annual review of phytopathology Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Epub Date: 2020-06-08 DOI:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012856
Serge Savary, Laetitia Willocquet
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引用次数: 28

摘要

由于自然资源减少、气候变化和世界人口增长,安全操作空间正在缩小,植物病理学必须有助于改善安全操作空间中的粮食安全。这篇综述分析了植物病理学在一系列关系中的地位,这些关系被绘制出来,并在其中对作物生长、疾病和产量损失的耦合动态进行了建模。我们得出了病原体的层次结构,即病原体减少辐射拦截(RI),辐射利用效率(RUE)和收获指数,以大约1:45 .5:4 700的比例越来越多地影响作物产量。自从农业出现以来,植物育种就把收获指数作为驯化植物的主要目标。令人惊讶的是,文献表明,通过直接破坏可收获的植物组织来降低产量的病原体受到的关注远少于那些降低RI或RUE的病原体。生态疾病管理需要针对不同的生产情况,因此必须考虑到可实现产量的变化;这可以通过重新设计农业系统来实现,以纳入基因、植物和作物的内在动态多样性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modeling the Impact of Crop Diseases on Global Food Security.

Plant pathology must contribute to improving food security in a safe operating space, which is shrinking as a result of declining natural resources, climate change, and the growing world population. This review analyzes the position of plant pathology in a nexus of relationships, which is mapped and where the coupled dynamics of crop growth, disease, and yield losses are modeled. We derive a hierarchy of pathogens, whereby pathogens reducing radiation interception (RI), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and harvest index increasingly impact crop yields in the approximate proportions: 1:4.5:4,700. Since the dawn of agriculture, plant breeding has targeted the harvest index as a main objective for domesticated plants. Surprisingly, the literature suggests that pathogens that reduce yields by directly damaging harvestable plant tissues have received much less attention than those that reduce RI or RUE. Ecological disease management needs to target diverse production situations and therefore must consider variation in attainable yields; this can be achieved through the reengineering of agrosystems to incorporate built-in dynamic diversity of genes, plants, and crop stands.

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来源期刊
Annual review of phytopathology
Annual review of phytopathology 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
16.60
自引率
1.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Phytopathology, established in 1963, covers major advancements in plant pathology, including plant disease diagnosis, pathogens, host-pathogen Interactions, epidemiology and ecology, breeding for resistance and plant disease management, and includes a special section on the development of concepts. The journal is now open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with articles published under a CC BY license.
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