Gabriel K Innes, Pranay R Randad, Anton Korinek, Meghan F Davis, Lance B Price, Anthony D So, Christopher D Heaney
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引用次数: 0
摘要
畜牧业中的抗菌药使用（AMU）会导致人类产生抗菌药耐药性（AMR），给社会带来巨大的健康和经济成本。经济学家将这些成本称为负外部性，即未在市场价格中得到适当反映的社会成本。我们回顾了相关文献，并建立了一个模型来量化畜牧业中的 AMU 对人类 AMR 的外部成本。估算所需的参数包括：(a) 人类 AMR 的健康和经济负担；(b) 畜牧业中的 AMU 对动物体内 AMR 的影响；(c) 可归因于畜牧业的人类 AMR 的比例；(d) 动物体内的 AMU。我们利用有据可查的历史案例，估算出美国肉鸡生产中每公斤氟喹诺酮类药物的外部性成本约为 1,500 美元。为了更全面地量化 AMU 在畜牧业中的外部效应，迫切需要加强数据收集，特别是关于第三和第四个参数的数据收集。
External Societal Costs of Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans Attributable to Antimicrobial Use in Livestock.
Antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal agriculture contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans, which imposes significant health and economic costs on society. Economists call these costs negative externalities, societal costs that are not properly reflected in market prices. We review the relevant literature and develop a model to quantify the external costs of AMU in animal agriculture on AMR in humans. Parameters required for this estimate include (a) the health and economic burden of AMR in humans,(b) the impact of AMU in animal agriculture on AMR in animals, (c) the fraction of AMR in humans attributable to animal agriculture, and (d) AMU in animals. We use a well-documented historic case to estimate an externality cost of about US$1,500 per kilogram of fluoroquinolones administered in US broiler chicken production. Enhanced data collection, particularly on the third and fourth parameters, is urgently needed to quantify more fully the externalities of AMU in animal agriculture.
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