Yeboah K Opoku, Johnson N Boampong, Irene Ayi, Godwin Kwakye-Nuako, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Harriet Koranteng, George Ghartey-Kwansah, Kwame K Asare
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CD4<sup>+</sup> cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences of <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, <i>Cyclospora</i> and <i>Microsporidium</i> infections were 46%, 32% and 16%, respectively. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection was significantly associated with drinking water (×<sup>2</sup>=13.528, p<0.001), <i>Cyclospora</i> was associated with the type of drinking water (×<sup>2</sup>=14.931, p<0.001) and toilet facilities used by the study subjects (×<sup>2</sup>=12.463, p<0.01), whiles <i>Microsporidium</i> infection was associated with hand washing behavior (×<sup>2</sup>=12.463, p<0.01). Enteric protozoans were frequently encountered among subjects with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. However, coinfection of <i>Cyclospora spp</i> & <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp was not observed in CD4<sup>+</sup> cell count <200 and >500 cells/mm<sup>3.</sup> Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection among HIV/AIDS patients was the source of drinking water (pipe borne water 76.2% prevalence: sachet water 25%; OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report the risk factor for exposure of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection among HIV/AIDS patients for the first time in Ghana. The contamination of drinking water by protozoan parasites should be a public health concern. These results provide the stepping block to understand the transmission dynamics of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and other opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182914/pdf/","citationCount":"8","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Visiting the HIV Referral Clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.\",\"authors\":\"Yeboah K Opoku, Johnson N Boampong, Irene Ayi, Godwin Kwakye-Nuako, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Harriet Koranteng, George Ghartey-Kwansah, Kwame K Asare\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/1874613601812010106\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Stool samples were collected for the diagnosis of enteric protozoan pathogens using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and acid-fast staining methods. CD4<sup>+</sup> cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences of <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, <i>Cyclospora</i> and <i>Microsporidium</i> infections were 46%, 32% and 16%, respectively. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection was significantly associated with drinking water (×<sup>2</sup>=13.528, p<0.001), <i>Cyclospora</i> was associated with the type of drinking water (×<sup>2</sup>=14.931, p<0.001) and toilet facilities used by the study subjects (×<sup>2</sup>=12.463, p<0.01), whiles <i>Microsporidium</i> infection was associated with hand washing behavior (×<sup>2</sup>=12.463, p<0.01). Enteric protozoans were frequently encountered among subjects with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. However, coinfection of <i>Cyclospora spp</i> & <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp was not observed in CD4<sup>+</sup> cell count <200 and >500 cells/mm<sup>3.</sup> Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection among HIV/AIDS patients was the source of drinking water (pipe borne water 76.2% prevalence: sachet water 25%; OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report the risk factor for exposure of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection among HIV/AIDS patients for the first time in Ghana. The contamination of drinking water by protozoan parasites should be a public health concern. These results provide the stepping block to understand the transmission dynamics of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and other opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ghana.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":515834,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The Open AIDS Journal\",\"volume\":\"12 \",\"pages\":\"106-116\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-09-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182914/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"8\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The Open AIDS Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601812010106\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2018/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Open AIDS Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601812010106","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2018/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
摘要
目的:探讨在加纳海岸角教学医院HIV转诊门诊就诊的有慢性腹泻症状的HIV/AIDS患者隐孢子虫病的社会行为危险因素。方法:对50例HIV/AIDS复发性腹泻患者进行横断面研究。通过问卷调查收集与HIV患者隐孢子虫和其他机会性原生动物寄生虫感染相关的社会和行为风险因素。收集粪便标本，采用改良的Ziehl-Neelsen染色法和抗酸染色法诊断肠道原生动物病原体。研究对象的CD4+细胞计数来源于患者的临床记录。使用SPSS 16 for Windows的Pearson卡方和多变量调整统计工具对所得数据进行分析。结果:27例(54%)感染肠道原生动物病原体。隐孢子虫、环孢子虫和小孢子虫感染率分别为46%、32%和16%。隐孢子虫感染与饮水方式相关(×2=13.528)，环孢子虫感染与饮水方式相关(×2=14.931, p2=12.463)，微孢子虫感染与洗手行为相关(×2=12.463, p3。而在CD4+细胞计数500个细胞/mm3时，未观察到环孢子虫和隐孢子虫的共同感染。多因素分析显示，HIV/AIDS患者隐孢子虫感染的危险因素为饮用水来源(管道水占76.2%，袋装水占25%;OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39，结论:我们首次报道了加纳HIV/AIDS患者暴露隐孢子虫感染的危险因素。原生动物寄生虫对饮用水的污染应该是一个公共卫生问题。这些结果为了解隐孢子虫和其他机会性病原体在加纳HIV/AIDS感染患者中的传播动力学提供了基础。
Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Visiting the HIV Referral Clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
Objective: To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium and other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Stool samples were collected for the diagnosis of enteric protozoan pathogens using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and acid-fast staining methods. CD4+ cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.
Results: Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Microsporidium infections were 46%, 32% and 16%, respectively. Cryptosporidium infection was significantly associated with drinking water (×2=13.528, p<0.001), Cyclospora was associated with the type of drinking water (×2=14.931, p<0.001) and toilet facilities used by the study subjects (×2=12.463, p<0.01), whiles Microsporidium infection was associated with hand washing behavior (×2=12.463, p<0.01). Enteric protozoans were frequently encountered among subjects with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3. However, coinfection of Cyclospora spp & Cryptosporidium spp was not observed in CD4+ cell count <200 and >500 cells/mm3. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor for Cryptosporidium infection among HIV/AIDS patients was the source of drinking water (pipe borne water 76.2% prevalence: sachet water 25%; OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39, p<0.001).
Conclusion: We report the risk factor for exposure of Cryptosporidium infection among HIV/AIDS patients for the first time in Ghana. The contamination of drinking water by protozoan parasites should be a public health concern. These results provide the stepping block to understand the transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium and other opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ghana.
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