动画中社会弱势群体(“弱势群体”)的代表性不足和象征性湮灭。

IF 0.8
The Howard journal of communications Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-01-30 DOI:10.1080/10646170802665208
Hugh Klein, Kenneth S Shiffman
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引用次数: 72

摘要

多年来,大众媒体一直被指责向观众提供负面和潜在的破坏性信息。一些人抱怨媒体充斥着太多的暴力,而另一些人则对媒体对各种群体的刻板印象感到遗憾。在这篇文章中,作者研究了代表性不足和象征性毁灭的问题,因为它们适用于一种特定的媒介,即人们在生命早期就接触到的动画片,通常会持续多年。我们的主要研究问题是:(a)漫画在多大程度上代表性不足和/或象征性地消灭了在整个社会中不受欢迎的社会群体?(b) 代表性不足和/或象征性的毁灭是否随着时间的推移而改变?以及(c)当显示社会“外部群体”时,如何相对于“内部群体”来描述它们?为了研究这些问题,作者研究了基于性别、年龄、种族和性取向的刻画。数据显示,动画片长期以来一直在低估和象征性地消灭社会上被贬低的“外部群体”,而在过去65多年里,这一点几乎没有改变。然而,当“群外”成员被包括在漫画中时,他们的形象往往不会有显著的不同——与“群内”成员的典型形象相比,他们的表现不会更好,也不会差太多。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Underrepresentation and Symbolic Annihilation of Socially Disenfranchised Groups ("Out Groups") in Animated Cartoons.

For many years, the mass media have been accused of providing negative and potentially-damaging messages to viewers. Some have complained that the media are replete with too much violence while others have lamented on media stereotyping of various groups. In this article, the authors examine the issues of underrepresentation and symbolic annihilation as they apply to one particular medium-namely, animated cartoons-to which people are exposed early in life, typically on a regular basis for many years. Our principal research questions are (a) To what extent do cartoons underrepresent and/or symbolically annihilate social groups that are not considered desirable in society-at-large? (b) Has underrepresentation and/or symbolic annihilation changed over time? and (c) When social "out groups" are shown, how are they depicted vis-a-vis "in groups"? To examine these questions, the authors examine portrayals based on gender, age, race, and sexual orientation. The data revealed that animated cartoons have a long history of underrepresenting and symbolically annihilating socially devalued "out groups" and that little has changed over the course of the past 65+ years. When "out group" members are included in cartoons, however, their portrayals tend not to be dramatically different-not better and not much worse-than those typical of their "in group" counterparts.

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