Yazhuo Liu, Yingying Li, Hui Shen, Yike Li, Yanbing Xu, Mi Zhou, Xinghai Xia, Binyin Shi
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It is therefore critical to determine whether the metabolic profile of FFAs is related to DN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study comprised 611 research subjects in Dalian, a city in northeast China: 52 DN patients, 115 T2DM patients, and 444 healthy controls. We determined 15 forms of serum FFAs, including arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), erucic acid (C22:1), nervonic acid (NA, C24:1), estimated total omega-3s, total omega-6s, the omega-3/omega-6 ratio, and total FFA content by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of NA (mean = 45.27, range = 0.84-76.57) and DHA (mean = 324.58, range = 205.38-450.03) in DN patients were slightly lower than those in T2DM patients or healthy controls. The serum omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) DHA (C22:6) was significantly negatively correlated with microalbuminuria (MAU), the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The serum monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) NA (C24:1) was significantly negatively correlated with BMI, FPG, and HbA1c. After adjustment of variables, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant odds ratios (ORs) [with confidence intervals (CIs)] for DHA (0.991, 0.985-0.997; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and NA (0.978, 0.958-0.999; <i>p</i> = 0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we ascertained that the contents of NA and DHA in patients with DN were relatively low, and that DHA was negatively correlated with MAU and the ACR. However, large-scale, population-based studies focusing on the role of NA and DHA in the pathogenesis of DN are still required in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/57/10.1177_20420188221118750.PMC9490461.pdf","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Association between the metabolic profile of serum fatty acids and diabetic nephropathy: a study conducted in northeastern China.\",\"authors\":\"Yazhuo Liu, Yingying Li, Hui Shen, Yike Li, Yanbing Xu, Mi Zhou, Xinghai Xia, Binyin Shi\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/20420188221118750\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>With the progressive increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN) - one of the most common chronic microvascular complications - has evolved into a significant cause of death worldwide among end-stage renal disease patients. Academic researchers have for decades focused on the development of DN and recently found that free fatty acids (FFAs) constituted an independent risk factor for vascular complications in T2DM patients. It is therefore critical to determine whether the metabolic profile of FFAs is related to DN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study comprised 611 research subjects in Dalian, a city in northeast China: 52 DN patients, 115 T2DM patients, and 444 healthy controls. We determined 15 forms of serum FFAs, including arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), erucic acid (C22:1), nervonic acid (NA, C24:1), estimated total omega-3s, total omega-6s, the omega-3/omega-6 ratio, and total FFA content by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of NA (mean = 45.27, range = 0.84-76.57) and DHA (mean = 324.58, range = 205.38-450.03) in DN patients were slightly lower than those in T2DM patients or healthy controls. The serum omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) DHA (C22:6) was significantly negatively correlated with microalbuminuria (MAU), the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The serum monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) NA (C24:1) was significantly negatively correlated with BMI, FPG, and HbA1c. After adjustment of variables, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant odds ratios (ORs) [with confidence intervals (CIs)] for DHA (0.991, 0.985-0.997; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and NA (0.978, 0.958-0.999; <i>p</i> = 0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we ascertained that the contents of NA and DHA in patients with DN were relatively low, and that DHA was negatively correlated with MAU and the ACR. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
背景与目的:随着2型糖尿病(T2DM)患病率的逐渐增加，糖尿病肾病(DN)作为最常见的慢性微血管并发症之一，已发展成为世界范围内终末期肾病患者死亡的重要原因。学术研究者几十年来一直关注DN的发展，最近发现游离脂肪酸(FFAs)是T2DM患者血管并发症的独立危险因素。因此，确定游离脂肪酸的代谢谱是否与DN有关是至关重要的。方法:本研究纳入中国东北大连市611名研究对象，其中DN患者52例，T2DM患者115例，健康对照444例。我们用液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)测定了15种形式的血清游离脂肪酸，包括花生四烯酸(AA, C20:4)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA, C22:6)、芥酸(C22:1)、神经酸(NA, C24:1)、估计的总omega-3、总omega-6、omega-3/omega-6比值和总FFA含量。结果:DN患者NA水平(平均45.27，范围0.84 ~ 76.57)和DHA水平(平均324.58，范围205.38 ~ 450.03)略低于T2DM患者和健康对照组。血清omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA) DHA (C22:6)与微量白蛋白尿(MAU)、白蛋白/肌酐比(ACR)、体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)呈显著负相关。血清单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA) NA (C24:1)与BMI、FPG、HbA1c呈显著负相关。调整变量后，多元logistic回归分析显示，DHA的比值比(or)[置信区间(CIs)]显著(0.991,0.985-0.997;p = 0.002)和NA (0.978, 0.958-0.999;p = 0.037)。结论:本研究确定了DN患者NA和DHA含量较低，DHA与MAU和ACR呈负相关。然而，未来仍需要大规模的、基于人群的研究来关注NA和DHA在DN发病机制中的作用。
Association between the metabolic profile of serum fatty acids and diabetic nephropathy: a study conducted in northeastern China.
Background and purpose: With the progressive increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN) - one of the most common chronic microvascular complications - has evolved into a significant cause of death worldwide among end-stage renal disease patients. Academic researchers have for decades focused on the development of DN and recently found that free fatty acids (FFAs) constituted an independent risk factor for vascular complications in T2DM patients. It is therefore critical to determine whether the metabolic profile of FFAs is related to DN.
Methods: This study comprised 611 research subjects in Dalian, a city in northeast China: 52 DN patients, 115 T2DM patients, and 444 healthy controls. We determined 15 forms of serum FFAs, including arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), erucic acid (C22:1), nervonic acid (NA, C24:1), estimated total omega-3s, total omega-6s, the omega-3/omega-6 ratio, and total FFA content by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Results: The levels of NA (mean = 45.27, range = 0.84-76.57) and DHA (mean = 324.58, range = 205.38-450.03) in DN patients were slightly lower than those in T2DM patients or healthy controls. The serum omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) DHA (C22:6) was significantly negatively correlated with microalbuminuria (MAU), the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The serum monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) NA (C24:1) was significantly negatively correlated with BMI, FPG, and HbA1c. After adjustment of variables, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significant odds ratios (ORs) [with confidence intervals (CIs)] for DHA (0.991, 0.985-0.997; p = 0.002) and NA (0.978, 0.958-0.999; p = 0.037).
Conclusion: In this study, we ascertained that the contents of NA and DHA in patients with DN were relatively low, and that DHA was negatively correlated with MAU and the ACR. However, large-scale, population-based studies focusing on the role of NA and DHA in the pathogenesis of DN are still required in the future.
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