Specifies of the fetal median callosal artery.

Background: A variable artery in the anterior cerebral circulation, named median callosal artery (MdCA) belongs to one of the three groups of anteromedial central branches of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA). The lack of information on MdCA in human fetuses inspired the authors to explore and present its morphological features.

Methods: The arteries of the brain base were analyzed and measured on 193 specimens of human fetuses, whose values are preserved from the time of preparation of PhD thesis.

Results: The median callosal artery was observed in 45% (87/193) of fetuses from 12.5 to 25 weeks of gestation. The MdCA originating from the single ACoA was found in 4.66% cases. MdCAs originating from the so-called anterior communicating rete (16.58%), as well from the partially duplicated (5.69%) and total duplicated ACoA (10.88%) were also found. A statistically significant difference of the artery OD between male and female fetuses was not found. There was a non-significant positive correlation between fetal age presented in gestational weeks and the artery OD (r=0.214). The OD of the MdCA did not correlate with the diameters of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). An unusual convergent union of initial ACA medial vessels and partial duplication at MdCA beginning and its trunk fenestrations were shown, along with bilateral distribution of MdCA branches.

Conclusions: The wide range of variability of the median callosal artery in human fetuses, presented in this paper, contributes to anatomical knowledge on the anterior part of cerebral circulation.