[生物系统尺度不变性:从胚胎到群落]。

Ontogenez Pub Date : 2014-05-01
V N Iakimov, L A Solntsev, G S rozenberg, D I Iudin, D B Gelashvili
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:具有尺度不变性(即在一定尺度范围内保持结构不变)的现象是不同层次生物系统的典型特征。本文综述了分形结构在生物组织的不同层次(包括个体发生方面)中尺度不变现象的主要表现,并讨论了分形结构在生物学中如此广泛分布的原因。几乎所有的生物系统都可以用协同学的术语来描述为开放的非平衡系统,这些系统的存在是由于物质和能量的流动通过它们。自组织现象是这类耗散系统的典型现象;能量流的维持需要复杂结构的存在,这些结构会在适当的梯度下自发出现。关键系统是由于其活动规模不变结构(即一种分销渠道)而形成的,相对于物质和能量分配的效率是最优的。因此,生物现象的尺度不变性是其耗散性质的自然结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Scale invariance of biosystems: from embryo to community].

Abstract-Phenomena having the property of a scale invariance (that is, maintaining invariable structure in certain range of scales) are typical for biosystems of different levels. In this review, main manifestations of the scale-invariant phenomena at different levels of biological organization (including ontogenetic aspects) are stated, and the reasons of such wide distribution of fractal structures in biology are discussed. Almost all biological systems can be described in terms of synergetics as open nonequilibrium systems that exist due to substance and energy flow passing through them. The phenomenon of self-organization is typical for such dissipative systems; maintenance of energy flow requires the existence of complex structures that emerge spontaneously in the presence of the appropriate gradient. Critical systems, which form as a results of their activity scale-invariant structures (that are a kind of distribution channels), are optimal relative to the efficiency of substance and energy distribution. Thus, scale invariance of biological phenomena is a natural consequence of their dissipative nature.

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