{"title":"农业食品生产中的纳米技术:概述。","authors":"Bhupinder Singh Sekhon","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S39406","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology is one of the most important tools in modern agriculture, and agri-food nanotechnology is anticipated to become a driving economic force in the near future. Agri-food themes focus on sustainability and protection of agriculturally produced foods, including crops for human consumption and animal feeding. Nanotechnology provides new agrochemical agents and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity, and it promises to reduce pesticide use. Nanotechnology can boost agricultural production, and its applications include: 1) nanoformulations of agrochemicals for applying pesticides and fertilizers for crop improvement; 2) the application of nanosensors/nanobiosensors in crop protection for the identification of diseases and residues of agrochemicals; 3) nanodevices for the genetic manipulation of plants; 4) plant disease diagnostics; 5) animal health, animal breeding, poultry production; and 6) postharvest management. Precision farming techniques could be used to further improve crop yields but not damage soil and water, reduce nitrogen loss due to leaching and emissions, as well as enhance nutrients long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms. Nanotechnology uses include nanoparticle-mediated gene or DNA transfer in plants for the development of insect-resistant varieties, food processing and storage, nanofeed additives, and increased product shelf life. Nanotechnology promises to accelerate the development of biomass-to-fuels production technologies. Experts feel that the potential benefits of nanotechnology for agriculture, food, fisheries, and aquaculture need to be balanced against concerns for the soil, water, and environment and the occupational health of workers. Raising awareness of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector, including feed and food ingredients, intelligent packaging and quick-detection systems, is one of the keys to influencing consumer acceptance. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
纳米技术是现代农业最重要的工具之一,预计在不久的将来,农业食品纳米技术将成为一股推动经济发展的力量。农业食品主题侧重于农业生产食品的可持续性和保护,包括供人类消费和动物饲养的作物。纳米技术提供了新的农用化学品制剂和新的输送机制,可提高作物产量,并有望减少杀虫剂的使用。纳米技术可以促进农业生产,其应用包括1)农用化学品的纳米制剂,用于施用农药和肥料以改良作物;2)纳米传感器/纳米生物传感器在作物保护中的应用,用于识别病害和农用化学品残留;3)用于植物遗传操作的纳米设备;4)植物疾病诊断;5)动物健康、动物养殖、家禽生产;以及 6)收获后管理。精准农业技术可用于进一步提高作物产量,但不破坏土壤和水源,减少因浸出和排放造成的氮损失,以及提高土壤微生物对养分的长期吸收。纳米技术的用途包括纳米粒子介导的植物基因或 DNA 转移,以开发抗虫品种、食品加工和储存、纳米饲料添加剂以及延长产品保质期。纳米技术有望加快生物质转化为燃料生产技术的发展。专家们认为,纳米技术为农业、食品、渔业和水产养殖业带来的潜在利益需要与对土壤、水和环境以及工人职业健康的担忧相平衡。提高农业食品行业对纳米技术(包括饲料和食品配料、智能包装和快速检测系统)的认识是影响消费者接受程度的关键之一。在仅有的几项毒理学研究的基础上,人们对纳米材料的安全性产生了担忧,研究人员和公司需要证明这些纳米技术不会对环境产生更多的负面影响。
Nanotechnology in agri-food production: an overview.
Nanotechnology is one of the most important tools in modern agriculture, and agri-food nanotechnology is anticipated to become a driving economic force in the near future. Agri-food themes focus on sustainability and protection of agriculturally produced foods, including crops for human consumption and animal feeding. Nanotechnology provides new agrochemical agents and new delivery mechanisms to improve crop productivity, and it promises to reduce pesticide use. Nanotechnology can boost agricultural production, and its applications include: 1) nanoformulations of agrochemicals for applying pesticides and fertilizers for crop improvement; 2) the application of nanosensors/nanobiosensors in crop protection for the identification of diseases and residues of agrochemicals; 3) nanodevices for the genetic manipulation of plants; 4) plant disease diagnostics; 5) animal health, animal breeding, poultry production; and 6) postharvest management. Precision farming techniques could be used to further improve crop yields but not damage soil and water, reduce nitrogen loss due to leaching and emissions, as well as enhance nutrients long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms. Nanotechnology uses include nanoparticle-mediated gene or DNA transfer in plants for the development of insect-resistant varieties, food processing and storage, nanofeed additives, and increased product shelf life. Nanotechnology promises to accelerate the development of biomass-to-fuels production technologies. Experts feel that the potential benefits of nanotechnology for agriculture, food, fisheries, and aquaculture need to be balanced against concerns for the soil, water, and environment and the occupational health of workers. Raising awareness of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector, including feed and food ingredients, intelligent packaging and quick-detection systems, is one of the keys to influencing consumer acceptance. On the basis of only a handful of toxicological studies, concerns have arisen regarding the safety of nanomaterials, and researchers and companies will need to prove that these nanotechnologies do not have more of a negative impact on the environment.
期刊介绍:
Nanotechnology, Science and Applications is an international, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that focuses on the science of nanotechnology in a wide range of industrial and academic applications. The journal is characterized by the rapid reporting of reviews, original research, and application studies across all sectors, including engineering, optics, bio-medicine, cosmetics, textiles, resource sustainability and science. Applied research into nano-materials, particles, nano-structures and fabrication, diagnostics and analytics, drug delivery and toxicology constitute the primary direction of the journal.