Kristýna Pospíšilová , Arjen E. Van't Hof , Atsuo Yoshido , Renata Kružíková , Sander Visser , Magda Zrzavá , Kseniya Bobryshava , Martina Dalíková , František Marec
{"title":"雄性化基因控制冷蛾的雄性决定","authors":"Kristýna Pospíšilová , Arjen E. Van't Hof , Atsuo Yoshido , Renata Kružíková , Sander Visser , Magda Zrzavá , Kseniya Bobryshava , Martina Dalíková , František Marec","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103991","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The molecular mechanisms of sex determination in moths and butterflies<span> (Lepidoptera) with female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ) are poorly understood, except in the silkworm </span></span><span><em>Bombyx </em><em>mori</em></span>. However, the <em>Masculinizer</em> (<em>Masc</em><span>) gene that controls male development and dosage compensation in </span><em>B. mori</em><span>, appears to be conserved in Lepidoptera, as its masculinizing function was recently confirmed in several moth species. In this work, we investigated the role of the </span><em>Masc</em><span> gene in sex determination of the codling moth </span><em>Cydia pomonella</em><span> (Tortricidae), a globally important pest of pome fruits and walnuts. The gene structure of the </span><em>C. pomonella Masc</em> ortholog, <em>CpMasc</em>, is similar to <em>B. mori Masc</em>. However, unlike <em>B. mori</em>, we identified 14 splice variants of <em>CpMasc</em><span><span> in the available transcriptomes. Subsequent screening for sex specificity and </span>genetic variation using publicly available data and RT-PCR revealed three male-specific splice variants. Then qPCR analysis of these variants revealed sex-biased expression showing a peak only in early male embryos. Knockdown of </span><em>CpMasc</em><span> by RNAi<span> during early embryogenesis resulted in a shift from male-to female-specific splicing of the </span></span><span><em>C. pomonella </em><em>doublesex</em></span> (<em>Cpdsx</em>) gene, its downstream effector, in ZZ embryos, leading to a strongly female-biased sex ratio. These data clearly demonstrate that <em>CpMasc</em> functions as a masculinizing gene in the sex-determining cascade of <em>C. pomonella</em>. Our study also showed that <em>CpMasc</em><span> transcripts are provided maternally, as they were detected in unfertilized eggs after oviposition and in mature eggs dissected from virgin females. This finding is unique, as maternal provision of mRNA has rarely been studied in Lepidoptera.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Masculinizer gene controls male sex determination in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella\",\"authors\":\"Kristýna Pospíšilová , Arjen E. Van't Hof , Atsuo Yoshido , Renata Kružíková , Sander Visser , Magda Zrzavá , Kseniya Bobryshava , Martina Dalíková , František Marec\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103991\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><span>The molecular mechanisms of sex determination in moths and butterflies<span> (Lepidoptera) with female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ) are poorly understood, except in the silkworm </span></span><span><em>Bombyx </em><em>mori</em></span>. However, the <em>Masculinizer</em> (<em>Masc</em><span>) gene that controls male development and dosage compensation in </span><em>B. mori</em><span>, appears to be conserved in Lepidoptera, as its masculinizing function was recently confirmed in several moth species. In this work, we investigated the role of the </span><em>Masc</em><span> gene in sex determination of the codling moth </span><em>Cydia pomonella</em><span> (Tortricidae), a globally important pest of pome fruits and walnuts. The gene structure of the </span><em>C. pomonella Masc</em> ortholog, <em>CpMasc</em>, is similar to <em>B. mori Masc</em>. However, unlike <em>B. mori</em>, we identified 14 splice variants of <em>CpMasc</em><span><span> in the available transcriptomes. Subsequent screening for sex specificity and </span>genetic variation using publicly available data and RT-PCR revealed three male-specific splice variants. Then qPCR analysis of these variants revealed sex-biased expression showing a peak only in early male embryos. Knockdown of </span><em>CpMasc</em><span> by RNAi<span> during early embryogenesis resulted in a shift from male-to female-specific splicing of the </span></span><span><em>C. pomonella </em><em>doublesex</em></span> (<em>Cpdsx</em>) gene, its downstream effector, in ZZ embryos, leading to a strongly female-biased sex ratio. These data clearly demonstrate that <em>CpMasc</em> functions as a masculinizing gene in the sex-determining cascade of <em>C. pomonella</em>. Our study also showed that <em>CpMasc</em><span> transcripts are provided maternally, as they were detected in unfertilized eggs after oviposition and in mature eggs dissected from virgin females. 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Masculinizer gene controls male sex determination in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella
The molecular mechanisms of sex determination in moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) with female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ) are poorly understood, except in the silkworm Bombyx mori. However, the Masculinizer (Masc) gene that controls male development and dosage compensation in B. mori, appears to be conserved in Lepidoptera, as its masculinizing function was recently confirmed in several moth species. In this work, we investigated the role of the Masc gene in sex determination of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae), a globally important pest of pome fruits and walnuts. The gene structure of the C. pomonella Masc ortholog, CpMasc, is similar to B. mori Masc. However, unlike B. mori, we identified 14 splice variants of CpMasc in the available transcriptomes. Subsequent screening for sex specificity and genetic variation using publicly available data and RT-PCR revealed three male-specific splice variants. Then qPCR analysis of these variants revealed sex-biased expression showing a peak only in early male embryos. Knockdown of CpMasc by RNAi during early embryogenesis resulted in a shift from male-to female-specific splicing of the C. pomonella doublesex (Cpdsx) gene, its downstream effector, in ZZ embryos, leading to a strongly female-biased sex ratio. These data clearly demonstrate that CpMasc functions as a masculinizing gene in the sex-determining cascade of C. pomonella. Our study also showed that CpMasc transcripts are provided maternally, as they were detected in unfertilized eggs after oviposition and in mature eggs dissected from virgin females. This finding is unique, as maternal provision of mRNA has rarely been studied in Lepidoptera.
期刊介绍:
This international journal publishes original contributions and mini-reviews in the fields of insect biochemistry and insect molecular biology. Main areas of interest are neurochemistry, hormone and pheromone biochemistry, enzymes and metabolism, hormone action and gene regulation, gene characterization and structure, pharmacology, immunology and cell and tissue culture. Papers on the biochemistry and molecular biology of other groups of arthropods are published if of general interest to the readership. Technique papers will be considered for publication if they significantly advance the field of insect biochemistry and molecular biology in the opinion of the Editors and Editorial Board.