[正常和病理性衰老中的梦]。

Fabian Guénolé, Geoffrey Marcaggi, Jean-Marc Baleyte, Lucile Garma
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引用次数: 13

摘要

尽管大多数关于梦的科学研究都是基于年轻人的研究,但本文综述了正常和病理性衰老对梦心理的影响。它首先对梦研究的认识论和方法论原则、老年人的独特性以及睡眠生理学随年龄的变化进行了初步评论。所有的文献都认为,梦的回忆从成年开始逐渐减少,而不是在老年,梦的报告在感知和情感上变得不那么强烈。这种进化在男性身上发生得比女性快,梦的内容也存在性别差异。这种时间上的改变可以部分解释为成年早期生活方式和对梦的态度的改变,但主要是睡眠生理学的改变,特别是快速眼动睡眠的减少和质的变化。梦在老年人的精神生活中通常没有什么主观重要性。然而,研究梦境可以成为老年人心理治疗的宝贵工具。根据现有的少数数据,患有退行性痴呆的患者比健康老年人做梦少得多。在阿尔茨海默病中,这可能与快速眼动睡眠的减少和大脑皮层联想感觉区域的萎缩有关。在退化性认知障碍中,研究最多的做梦方面是快速眼动睡眠行为障碍和胆碱酯酶抑制剂引起的噩梦。需要更多的研究来更好地描述梦随着年龄的变化,特别是在睡眠实验室进行的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Dreams in normal and pathological aging].

Although most of scientific knowledge in dream research is based on young adult studies, this article provides a review of the effects of normal and pathological aging on dream psychology. It starts with preliminary comments about epistemological and methodological principles of dream research, its singularities in aged persons, and the modifications of sleep physiology with age. The whole literature agrees that dream recall progressively decreases from the beginning of adulthood - not in old age - and that dream reports become less intense, perceptually and emotionally. This evolution occurs faster in men than women, with gender differences in the content of dreams. The chronological modifications could be explained partly by changes in lifestyle and attitude towards dreams in early adulthood, but mainly by modifications of sleep physiology, particularly the decrease and qualitative changes of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Dreams have usually little subjective importance in the mental life of aged persons. However, working with dreams can be a valuable tool for psychotherapy in the aged. According to the few existing data, patients suffering degenerative dementia dream much less than healthy aged persons. In Alzheimer's disease, this could be linked to the decrease of REM sleep, and atrophy of associative sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Most studied aspects of dreaming in degenerative cognitive disorders are REM sleep behavior disorders, and nightmares induced by cholinesterase inhibitors. More studies are needed to better characterize the evolution of dreams with age, particularly studies performed in sleep laboratory.

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