晶体生长的原位观察及其机理

IF 4.5 2区 材料科学 Q1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Katsuo Tsukamoto
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引用次数: 12

摘要

由于先进的显微镜和干涉仪已经达到了纳米级的分辨率,因此在测量生长速率和观察表面形态以及反映其生长机制的相关输运现象方面的空间和时间分辨率已经得到了发展。第一部分涵盖了历史背景,通过光学和其他扫描方法在分子水平上对晶体生长进行原位观察,通过测量晶体生长速率和观察表面纳米形貌(如生长台阶和螺旋丘)来了解晶体生长,其垂直分辨率与扫描探针显微镜技术相当。从光学原理出发,评述了近年来发展起来的干涉测量技术,如相移干涉测量(PSI)的潜力。介绍了测量晶体生长速率低至10−5 nm/s (1 μ m/年)的能力。第二部分着重介绍了通过测量晶体生长速率和过饱和度来了解晶体生长机理的基本干涉测量技术。简要介绍这些技术不仅在基本晶体生长领域,而且在环境科学、空间科学和微重力结晶方面的应用。最后,我们选择了几个例子来分析基于这些动力学测量的生长机理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
In-situ observation of crystal growth and the mechanism

The spatial and time resolution in the measurements of growth rates and the observation of surface morphologies and the associated transport phenomena reflecting their growth mechanism have been developed because advanced microscopes and interferometers have attained nano-scale resolution. The first part covers the historical background how in-situ observation of crystal growth at molecular-level by optical and other scanning methods had been developed for understanding of crystal growth by measuring crystal growth rates and by observing surface nano-topographies, such as growth steps and spiral hillocks, with the same vertical resolutions comparable to that of the scanning probe microscopic techniques. The potential of recently developed interferometric techniques, such as Phase-Shift Interferometry (PSI) is then reviewed with the principle of the optics. Capability of measuring growth rates of crystals as low as 10−5 nm/s (1 µm/year) is introduced. Second part of the article emphasizes basic interferometric technique for the understanding of crystal growth mechanism by measuring growth rate vs supersaturation. Utilization of these techniques not only in fundamental crystal growth fields but also in environmental sciences, space sciences and crystallization in microgravity would briefly be introduced. At the end, we select a few examples how growth mechanism was analyzed based on these kinetic measurements.

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来源期刊
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 工程技术-材料科学:表征与测试
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
1 day
期刊介绍: Materials especially crystalline materials provide the foundation of our modern technologically driven world. The domination of materials is achieved through detailed scientific research. Advances in the techniques of growing and assessing ever more perfect crystals of a wide range of materials lie at the roots of much of today''s advanced technology. The evolution and development of crystalline materials involves research by dedicated scientists in academia as well as industry involving a broad field of disciplines including biology, chemistry, physics, material sciences and engineering. Crucially important applications in information technology, photonics, energy storage and harvesting, environmental protection, medicine and food production require a deep understanding of and control of crystal growth. This can involve suitable growth methods and material characterization from the bulk down to the nano-scale.
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