Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase 2 (SSAT2) functions as a coactivator for NF-κB and cooperates with CBP and P/CAF to enhance NF-κB-dependent transcription

Activation of transcription by NF-κB requires association with coactivator proteins, including CBP/p300 and P/CAF. To identify new coregulatory proteins, a cytoplasmic two-hybrid screen was performed using the C-terminus of the p65 subunit as bait. Through this screen, the spermidine/spermine N¹-acetyltransferase 2 (SSAT2) protein was identified as a potential modulator of NF-κB activity. SSAT2 was originally identified based on homology to SSAT1, a protein involved in polyamine catabolism. However both proteins contain an acetyltransferase domain that has similarity to the acetyltransferase domains of the GNAT superfamily of coactivators. Although SSAT2 is 46% identical to SSAT1, based on a recent report, SSAT2 does not appear to function in polyamine catabolism. Because of the similarity of SSAT2 to coactivators, we wanted to determine if SSAT2 could function as a coactivator for NF-κB. Coimmunoprecipitations confirmed the interaction between p65 and SSAT2. In transient transfection reporter gene assays, SSAT2 functions as a transcriptional coactivator for NF-κB and cooperates with CBP and P/CAF to enhance TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Moreover, SSAT2 transiently associates with the promoters of the NF-κB-regulated cIAP2 and IL-8 genes in response to TNFα. Although the overall function of SSAT2 is not known, it appears that it can function as a transcriptional coactivator.