{"title":"当大流行选择封锁时:霍乱细菌分泌系统的进化。","authors":"Francis J Santoriello, Stefan Pukatzki","doi":"10.15698/mic2021.03.744","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is a microbe capable of inhabiting two different ecosystems: chitinous surfaces in brackish, estuarine waters and the epithelial lining of the human gastrointestinal tract. <i>V. cholerae</i> defends against competitive microorganisms with a contact-dependent, contractile killing machine called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in each of these niches. The T6SS resembles an inverted T4 bacteriophage tail and is used to deliver toxic effector proteins into neighboring cells. Pandemic strains of <i>V. cholerae</i> encode a unique set of T6SS effector proteins, which may play a role in pathogenesis or pandemic spread. In our recent study (Santoriello <i>et al.</i> (2020), Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20012-7), using genomic and molecular biology tools, we demonstrated that the T6SS island Auxiliary Cluster 3 (Aux3) is unique to pandemic strains of <i>V. cholerae</i>. We went on to show that Aux3 is related to a phage-like element circulating in environmental <i>V. cholerae</i> strains and that two genetic domestication events formed the pandemic Aux3 cluster during the evolution of the pandemic clone. Our findings support two main conclusions: (1) Aux3 evolution from phage-like element to T6SS cluster offers a snapshot of phage domestication in early T6SS evolution and (2) chromosomal maintenance of Aux3 was advantageous to the common ancestor of <i>V. cholerae</i> pandemic strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18397,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919388/pdf/","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"When the pandemic opts for the lockdown: Secretion system evolution in the cholera bacterium.\",\"authors\":\"Francis J Santoriello, Stefan Pukatzki\",\"doi\":\"10.15698/mic2021.03.744\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is a microbe capable of inhabiting two different ecosystems: chitinous surfaces in brackish, estuarine waters and the epithelial lining of the human gastrointestinal tract. <i>V. cholerae</i> defends against competitive microorganisms with a contact-dependent, contractile killing machine called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in each of these niches. The T6SS resembles an inverted T4 bacteriophage tail and is used to deliver toxic effector proteins into neighboring cells. Pandemic strains of <i>V. cholerae</i> encode a unique set of T6SS effector proteins, which may play a role in pathogenesis or pandemic spread. In our recent study (Santoriello <i>et al.</i> (2020), Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20012-7), using genomic and molecular biology tools, we demonstrated that the T6SS island Auxiliary Cluster 3 (Aux3) is unique to pandemic strains of <i>V. cholerae</i>. We went on to show that Aux3 is related to a phage-like element circulating in environmental <i>V. cholerae</i> strains and that two genetic domestication events formed the pandemic Aux3 cluster during the evolution of the pandemic clone. Our findings support two main conclusions: (1) Aux3 evolution from phage-like element to T6SS cluster offers a snapshot of phage domestication in early T6SS evolution and (2) chromosomal maintenance of Aux3 was advantageous to the common ancestor of <i>V. cholerae</i> pandemic strains.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18397,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microbial Cell\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-02-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919388/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microbial Cell\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2021.03.744\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CELL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbial Cell","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2021.03.744","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
摘要
霍乱弧菌是腹泻病霍乱的病原体,是一种能够栖息于两种不同生态系统的微生物:咸淡水、河口水域的几丁质表面和人类胃肠道的上皮。霍乱弧菌在每个生态位中都有一种依赖于接触的、可收缩的杀戮机器,称为VI型分泌系统(T6SS),以抵御竞争微生物。T6SS类似于倒置的T4噬菌体尾巴,用于将毒性效应蛋白传递到邻近细胞中。霍乱弧菌大流行菌株编码一组独特的T6SS效应蛋白,该蛋白可能在发病或大流行传播中发挥作用。在我们最近的研究(Santoriello et al. (2020), Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20012-7)中,我们使用基因组和分子生物学工具证明了T6SS岛辅助簇3 (Aux3)是霍乱分枝杆菌大流行菌株所特有的。我们进一步证明,Aux3与环境霍乱弧菌菌株中循环的一种噬菌体样元素有关,并且在大流行克隆的进化过程中,两次遗传驯化事件形成了大流行Aux3集群。我们的研究结果支持两个主要结论:(1)Aux3从噬菌体样元素到T6SS簇的进化提供了早期T6SS进化中噬菌体驯化的简要描述;(2)Aux3的染色体维持有利于霍乱弧菌大流行菌株的共同祖先。
When the pandemic opts for the lockdown: Secretion system evolution in the cholera bacterium.
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is a microbe capable of inhabiting two different ecosystems: chitinous surfaces in brackish, estuarine waters and the epithelial lining of the human gastrointestinal tract. V. cholerae defends against competitive microorganisms with a contact-dependent, contractile killing machine called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in each of these niches. The T6SS resembles an inverted T4 bacteriophage tail and is used to deliver toxic effector proteins into neighboring cells. Pandemic strains of V. cholerae encode a unique set of T6SS effector proteins, which may play a role in pathogenesis or pandemic spread. In our recent study (Santoriello et al. (2020), Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20012-7), using genomic and molecular biology tools, we demonstrated that the T6SS island Auxiliary Cluster 3 (Aux3) is unique to pandemic strains of V. cholerae. We went on to show that Aux3 is related to a phage-like element circulating in environmental V. cholerae strains and that two genetic domestication events formed the pandemic Aux3 cluster during the evolution of the pandemic clone. Our findings support two main conclusions: (1) Aux3 evolution from phage-like element to T6SS cluster offers a snapshot of phage domestication in early T6SS evolution and (2) chromosomal maintenance of Aux3 was advantageous to the common ancestor of V. cholerae pandemic strains.