{"title":"冰岛人口严重的火山二氧化硫暴露和呼吸系统疾病——一项登记研究。","authors":"Hanne Krage Carlsen, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Haraldur Briem, Francesca Dominici, Ragnhildur Gudrun Finnbjornsdottir, Thorsteinn Jóhannsson, Thor Aspelund, Thorarinn Gislason, Thorolfur Gudnason","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00698-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Holuhraun volcanic eruption September 2014 to February 2015 emitted large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>). The aim of this study was to determine the association between volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> gases on general population respiratory health some 250 km from the eruption site, in the Icelandic capital area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Respiratory health outcomes were: asthma medication dispensing (AMD) from the Icelandic Medicines Register, medical doctor consultations in primary care (PCMD) and hospital emergency department visits (HED) in Reykjavík (population: 215000) for respiratory disease from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. The associations between daily counts of health events and daily mean SO<sub>2</sub> concentration and high SO<sub>2</sub> levels (24-h mean SO<sub>2</sub> > 125 μg/m3) were analysed using generalized additive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the eruption began, AMD was higher than before (129.4 vs. 158.4 individuals per day, p < 0.05). For PCMD and HED, there were no significant differences between the number of daily events before and after the eruption (142.2 vs 144.8 and 18.3 vs 17.5, respectively). In regression analysis adjusted for other pollutants, SO<sub>2</sub> was associated with estimated increases in AMD by 0.99% (95% CI 0.39-1.58%) per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> at lag 0-2, in PCMD for respiratory causes 1.26% (95% CI 0.72-1.80%) per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> SO<sub>2</sub> at lag 0-2, and in HED by 1.02% (95% CI 0.02-2.03%) per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> SO<sub>2</sub> at lag 0-2. For days over the health limit, the estimated increases were 10.9% (95% CI 2.1-19.6%), 17.2% (95% CI 10.0-24.4%) for AMD and PCMD. Dispensing of short-acting medication increased significantly by 1.09% (95% CI 0.49-1.70%), and PCMD for respiratory infections and asthma and COPD diagnoses and increased significantly by 1.12% (95% CI 0.54-1.71%) and 2.08% (1.13-3.04%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High levels of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> are associated with increases in dispensing of AMD, and health care utilization in primary and tertiary care. Individuals with prevalent respiratory disease may be particularly susceptible.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916308/pdf/","citationCount":"17","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Severe volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> exposure and respiratory morbidity in the Icelandic population - a register study.\",\"authors\":\"Hanne Krage Carlsen, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Haraldur Briem, Francesca Dominici, Ragnhildur Gudrun Finnbjornsdottir, Thorsteinn Jóhannsson, Thor Aspelund, Thorarinn Gislason, Thorolfur Gudnason\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s12940-021-00698-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Holuhraun volcanic eruption September 2014 to February 2015 emitted large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>). The aim of this study was to determine the association between volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> gases on general population respiratory health some 250 km from the eruption site, in the Icelandic capital area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Respiratory health outcomes were: asthma medication dispensing (AMD) from the Icelandic Medicines Register, medical doctor consultations in primary care (PCMD) and hospital emergency department visits (HED) in Reykjavík (population: 215000) for respiratory disease from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. The associations between daily counts of health events and daily mean SO<sub>2</sub> concentration and high SO<sub>2</sub> levels (24-h mean SO<sub>2</sub> > 125 μg/m3) were analysed using generalized additive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the eruption began, AMD was higher than before (129.4 vs. 158.4 individuals per day, p < 0.05). For PCMD and HED, there were no significant differences between the number of daily events before and after the eruption (142.2 vs 144.8 and 18.3 vs 17.5, respectively). In regression analysis adjusted for other pollutants, SO<sub>2</sub> was associated with estimated increases in AMD by 0.99% (95% CI 0.39-1.58%) per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> at lag 0-2, in PCMD for respiratory causes 1.26% (95% CI 0.72-1.80%) per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> SO<sub>2</sub> at lag 0-2, and in HED by 1.02% (95% CI 0.02-2.03%) per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> SO<sub>2</sub> at lag 0-2. For days over the health limit, the estimated increases were 10.9% (95% CI 2.1-19.6%), 17.2% (95% CI 10.0-24.4%) for AMD and PCMD. Dispensing of short-acting medication increased significantly by 1.09% (95% CI 0.49-1.70%), and PCMD for respiratory infections and asthma and COPD diagnoses and increased significantly by 1.12% (95% CI 0.54-1.71%) and 2.08% (1.13-3.04%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High levels of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> are associated with increases in dispensing of AMD, and health care utilization in primary and tertiary care. Individuals with prevalent respiratory disease may be particularly susceptible.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":520610,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental health : a global access science source\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"23\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-02-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916308/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"17\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental health : a global access science source\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00698-y\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental health : a global access science source","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00698-y","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
摘要
背景:2014年9月至2015年2月的Holuhraun火山喷发释放出大量二氧化硫(SO2)。这项研究的目的是确定火山二氧化硫气体与冰岛首都地区距离火山喷发地点约250公里的普通人群呼吸健康之间的关系。方法:呼吸系统健康结果为:2010年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间，冰岛药品登记册上的哮喘药物配药(AMD)、Reykjavík(人口:215000)的初级保健医生咨询(PCMD)和医院急诊科就诊(HED)。采用广义加性模型分析了健康事件日计数与SO2日平均浓度和高SO2水平(24小时平均SO2 > 125 μg/m3)之间的关系。结果:爆发后，AMD比爆发前增加(129.4对158.4例/天)，p 2与延迟0-2时每10 μg/m3 AMD增加0.99% (95% CI 0.39-1.58%)相关，呼吸原因PCMD在延迟0-2时每10 μg/m3 SO2增加1.26% (95% CI 0.72-1.80%)， HED在延迟0-2时每10 μg/m3 SO2增加1.02% (95% CI 0.02-2.03%)。对于超过健康限制的天数，AMD和PCMD的估计增长分别为10.9% (95% CI 2.1-19.6%)和17.2% (95% CI 10.0-24.4%)。短效药物的配药率显著增加了1.09% (95% CI 0.49-1.70%)，呼吸道感染、哮喘和COPD诊断的PCMD分别显著增加了1.12% (95% CI 0.54-1.71%)和2.08%(1.13-3.04%)。结论:高水平的火山二氧化硫与AMD的配药增加以及初级和三级保健的卫生保健利用有关。患有常见呼吸道疾病的人可能特别容易感染。
Severe volcanic SO2 exposure and respiratory morbidity in the Icelandic population - a register study.
Background: The Holuhraun volcanic eruption September 2014 to February 2015 emitted large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2). The aim of this study was to determine the association between volcanic SO2 gases on general population respiratory health some 250 km from the eruption site, in the Icelandic capital area.
Methods: Respiratory health outcomes were: asthma medication dispensing (AMD) from the Icelandic Medicines Register, medical doctor consultations in primary care (PCMD) and hospital emergency department visits (HED) in Reykjavík (population: 215000) for respiratory disease from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. The associations between daily counts of health events and daily mean SO2 concentration and high SO2 levels (24-h mean SO2 > 125 μg/m3) were analysed using generalized additive models.
Results: After the eruption began, AMD was higher than before (129.4 vs. 158.4 individuals per day, p < 0.05). For PCMD and HED, there were no significant differences between the number of daily events before and after the eruption (142.2 vs 144.8 and 18.3 vs 17.5, respectively). In regression analysis adjusted for other pollutants, SO2 was associated with estimated increases in AMD by 0.99% (95% CI 0.39-1.58%) per 10 μg/m3 at lag 0-2, in PCMD for respiratory causes 1.26% (95% CI 0.72-1.80%) per 10 μg/m3 SO2 at lag 0-2, and in HED by 1.02% (95% CI 0.02-2.03%) per 10 μg/m3 SO2 at lag 0-2. For days over the health limit, the estimated increases were 10.9% (95% CI 2.1-19.6%), 17.2% (95% CI 10.0-24.4%) for AMD and PCMD. Dispensing of short-acting medication increased significantly by 1.09% (95% CI 0.49-1.70%), and PCMD for respiratory infections and asthma and COPD diagnoses and increased significantly by 1.12% (95% CI 0.54-1.71%) and 2.08% (1.13-3.04%).
Conclusion: High levels of volcanic SO2 are associated with increases in dispensing of AMD, and health care utilization in primary and tertiary care. Individuals with prevalent respiratory disease may be particularly susceptible.
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