Genetic analysis of bilateral dermatoglyphic asymmetry in twins and their parents.

The data for this study were collected on 64 twin pairs (30 MZ and 34 DZ) and their 128 parents. Two following hypotheses were evaluated: 1. Bilateral asymmetry is significantly genetically controlled; 2. The twinning phenomenon would affect the magnitude of bilateral asymmetry. The results revealed no statistically significant differences between mean values of MZ and DZ twins and their parents for the majority of the traits. Significant differences were recorded for only 6 of 96 comparisons (6%). Analysis of variance revealed separated sources of MZ, DZ and singleton variance. F-ratios, contrasting variances between different groups were significant for 26 of 96 comparisons (27%) showing heterogeneity of variance between zygosities and between twins and their parents. In addition, environmental covariance appeared to be larger for MZ than DZ with respect to directional asymmetry (DA) for all 16 traits and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for 14 traits. These observations showed complex environmental determinism for bilateral asymmetry for the majority of dermatoglyphic traits. Significant genetic variance ratios (GVRs) were observed for four variables (25%) with respect to DA and three variables (18.75%) with respect to FA. All these significant GVRs were rendered insignificant because of evidence of greater environmental covariance for MZ twins, except possibly for DA for URC4.