裂纹表面热力学

IF 8.2 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
A.I. Rusanov
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引用次数: 18

摘要

虽然裂纹是真实固体的典型细节,但长期以来,表面科学中的裂纹理论被简化为研究平平行的裂缝。近十年来,关于楔形裂纹的热力学和表面科学基础,包括裂纹线张力,出现了许多新的结果。这些结果,基本上纠正和发展了裂缝理论,还不能包括在作者以前的评论中Rusanov,冲浪。科学。众议员23(1996)173-247和A.I. Rusanov, Surf。科学。[Rep. 58(2005) 111-239],并在本文中提出一个复习的主题。描述了裂纹的表面特征,包括裂纹线张力这一对纳米裂纹具有重要意义的新特性。推导了一般的热力学关系,并给出了计算具有分散力的固体的表面和线的热力学张力的例子。分析了裂纹线张力对裂纹尺寸的依赖关系,包括保形变化(裂纹在保持其几何相似性的情况下改变其尺寸)和深度增长(裂纹唇间距一定时)。后者在能量上更为有利。由于受载荷的物体更可能出现裂纹,因此提出了一种对受载荷固体的热力学描述的一般和严格的方法,包括纠正先前的错误和术语。所提出的热力学考虑对固体强度理论作出了有益的贡献。推导了广义脆性断裂准则,并计算了上述两种裂纹扩展机制的极限强度。在二维和三维两种情况下,估计了线张力对极限强度的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Surface thermodynamics of cracks

Although a crack is a typical detail of a real solid, the theory of cracks in surface science was reduced to studying flat-parallel slits for a long time. The last decade has brought a number of new results related to the thermodynamic and surface science fundamentals of wedge-shaped cracks including the crack line tension. These results, essentially correcting and developing the theory of cracks, could not yet be included in the previous reviews of the author [A.I. Rusanov, Surf. Sci. Rep. 23 (1996) 173–247 and A.I. Rusanov, Surf. Sci. Rep. 58 (2005) 111–239] and make a subject for reviewing in this paper. Surface characteristics of a crack are described including the crack line tension as a new property that can be important for nanocracks. General thermodynamic relationships are derived, and the calculation of the thermodynamic surface and line tensions for solids with dispersion forces is given as an example. The dependence of the crack line tension on the crack size is analyzed for the conformal change (when a crack changes its size with maintaining its geometrical similarity) and the depth growth (when the distance between the crack lips is fixed). The latter has been found to be more favorable energetically. Since the presence of a crack is more probable for a loaded body, a general and rigorous approach to the thermodynamic description of loaded solids is presented including correcting earlier mistakes and terminology. The thermodynamic consideration presented outputs a useful contribution to the theory of solid strength. A generalized brittle fracture criterion is deduced and the ultimate strength is calculated for both the above mechanisms of the crack growth. The influence of the line tension on the ultimate strength is estimated both for the 2d and 3d cases.

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来源期刊
Surface Science Reports
Surface Science Reports 化学-物理:凝聚态物理
CiteScore
15.90
自引率
2.00%
发文量
9
审稿时长
178 days
期刊介绍: Surface Science Reports is a journal that specializes in invited review papers on experimental and theoretical studies in the physics, chemistry, and pioneering applications of surfaces, interfaces, and nanostructures. The topics covered in the journal aim to contribute to a better understanding of the fundamental phenomena that occur on surfaces and interfaces, as well as the application of this knowledge to the development of materials, processes, and devices. In this journal, the term "surfaces" encompasses all interfaces between solids, liquids, polymers, biomaterials, nanostructures, soft matter, gases, and vacuum. Additionally, the journal includes reviews of experimental techniques and methods used to characterize surfaces and surface processes, such as those based on the interactions of photons, electrons, and ions with surfaces.
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